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Topic Review
Optical Properties of Carbon Quantum Dots
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), also known as carbon dots (CDs), are novel zero-dimensional fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials. CQDs have attracted enormous attention around the world because of their excellent optical properties as well as water solubility, biocompatibility, low toxicity, eco-friendliness, and simple synthesis routes. CQDs have numerous applications in bioimaging, biosensing, chemical sensing, nanomedicine, solar cells, drug delivery, and light-emitting diodes.
  • 801
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Magnetic Plasmonic Particles for Bioapplications
The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique, that uses magnetic plasmonic particles (MPPs), is an advanced SERS detection platform owing to the synergetic effects of the particles’ magnetic and plasmonic properties. As well as being an ultrasensitive and reliable SERS material, MPPs perform various functions, such as aiding in separation, drug delivery, and acting as a therapeutic material.
  • 800
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Nanomaterials-Based Enzymatic Biosensors
Nanotechnology has been fostering excellent prospects in the development of enzymatic biosensors, since enzyme immobilization onto conductive nanostructures can improve characteristics that are crucial in biosensor transduction, such as surface-to-volume ratio, signal response, selectivity, sensitivity, conductivity, and biocatalytic activity, among others.
  • 800
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Supramolecular Polymer Nanocomposites
Polymer nanocomposites, a class of innovative materials formed by polymer matrixes and nanoscaled fillers (e.g., carbon-based nanomaterials, inorganic/semiconductor nanoparticles, metal/metal-oxide nanoparticles, polymeric nanostructures, etc.), display enhanced mechanical, optoelectrical, magnetic, catalytic, and bio-related characteristics, thereby finding a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. In particular, the concept of supramolecular chemistry has been introduced into polymer nanocomposites, which creates myriad “smart” biomedical materials with unique physicochemical properties and dynamic tunable structures in response to diverse external stimuli. 
  • 800
  • 25 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Asymmetric Recognition by Chiral Porphyrinoids
Over the years, chiral discrimination of chiral molecules such as amino acids, alcohols, amines, hydroxy-carboxylic acids, etc. has aroused the interest of the scientific community. Thus, numerous studies have reported the possibility to discriminate several organic guests by using both symmetric and asymmetric porphyrin derivatives. Nevertheless, this entry exclusively focuses on chiral porphyrinoids as probes for asymmetric recognition and sensing, illustrating the main aspects concerning the chiral recognition phenomena of a multitude of chiral organic guests through several chiral mono- and bis-porphyrins via different spectroscopic techniques.
  • 799
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Germanium
In organic free aqueous solutions, germanium is present in the form of Ge(OH)4 tetrahydroxide (pH < 7) or as H3GeO4−, which dominates in alkaline media (pH > 9). In the presence of many ligands containing carboxylic, di-orthophenolic, and polyalcoholic functional groups, Ge(IV) forms stable five-membered ring chelate complexes displaying coordination number 6.
  • 798
  • 17 Feb 2022
Topic Review
3D Printed Silicone Meniscus Implants
Osteoarthritis of the knee with meniscal pathologies is a severe meniscal pathology suffered by the aging population worldwide. However, conventional meniscal substitutes are not 3D-printable and lack the customizability of 3D printed implants and are not mechanically robust enough for human implantation. Similarly, 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds suffer from drawbacks of being mechanically weak and as a result patients are unable to execute immediate post-surgical weight-bearing ambulation and rehabilitation. To solve this problem, we have developed a 3D silicone meniscus implant which is (1) cytocompatible, (2) resistant to cyclic loading and mechanically similar to native meniscus, and (3) directly 3D printable. The main focus of this study is to determine whether the purity, composition, structure, dimensions and mechanical properties of silicone implants are affected by the use of a custom-made in-house 3D-printer. We have used the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) absorption test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, surface profilometry, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to effectively assess and compare material properties between molded and 3D printed silicone samples.
  • 797
  • 17 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Cadmium Recovery from Spent Ni-Cd Batteries
The significant increase in the demand for efficient electric energy storage during the last decade has promoted an increase in the production and use of Cd-containing batteries. On the one hand, the amount of toxic Cd-containing used batteries is growing, while on the other hand, Cd is on a list of critical raw materials (for Europe). Both of these factors call for the development of effective technology for Cd recovery from spent batteries. Alkaline nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries are widely used as autonomous sources of industrial and household current (power banks) due to a successful combination of feasibility studies and achieved sustainable electrical characteristics. In recent decades, the market of secondary current sources for portable equipment has undergone significant changes, which leads to an intensive replacement of Ni-Cd batteries with lithium-ion (LIB) and nickel-metal-hydride.
  • 797
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Terpyridine-Polyamine Bridging Ligand (dint)
The ligand, 4'-(p-(1,5-bis(amino)-3-azapentane)methylphenyl)-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine (dint) contains a terpyridine fragment and a tri-amine fragment, which may allow synthetic differentiation between the tridentate binding sites at both sides and may offer the benefits of polydentate ligands and minimisation of isomeric possibilities upon coordination to metal ions.
  • 796
  • 20 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Antioxidant Activity of Selenium
Selenium is one of the eight necessary trace elements humans require for active health balance. It contributes in several ways to the proper functioning of selenoprotein. Selenium has received enormous interest due to its therapeutic potential against a number of ailments. Numerous chemical compounds containing selenium have been investigated for the therapy of cancer and other disorders. Unifying the selenium atom into chemical components (typically organic) greatly increased their bioactivities. Selenocysteine can substitute the effect of cysteine and shield healthy cells from the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS); in other ways, specific selenium compounds are classified as antioxidant agents that preserve the redox environment in healthy cells.
  • 796
  • 13 Dec 2022
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