Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Climate-Resilient and Climate-Neutral City
The urban heat island (UHI) effect is the main problem regarding a city’s climate. It is the main adverse effect of urbanization and negatively affects human thermal comfort levels as defined by physiological equivalent temperature (PET) in the urban environment. Blue and green infrastructure (BGI) solutions may mitigate the UHI effect. First, however, it is necessary to understand the problem from the degrading side. Researchers related to urban planning, architecture, and climatology are developing the city-UHI relationship’s mechanics and effective mitigation strategies based on the already-known dependencies. What the future urban environment should look like in order to be resilient to climate change and to be climate neutral are examined here.
  • 503
  • 12 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Side Effects and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines
Coronavirus vaccines were well-tolerated, safe, and produced an immune response against the virus in most cases. Most postvaccine side effects were mild to moderate, which indicated the building of immunity by the body for protection.
  • 503
  • 16 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Dental Plaque in Systemic Diseases
Periodontal diseases are not just simple bacterial infections, but rather complex diseases of multifactorial complexity. The connection between the subgingival microbes, the host immune, and inflammatory responses seems to be very clear. The mechanisms explaining the association between chronic periodontal disease and systemic diseases include a direct and an indirect route. The direct route results in ulceration in the lining of periodontal pockets, which can become a passage for bacteria into the systemic circulation. It leads to bacteremia, which allows bacteria to settle in distant organs aggravating existing disease conditions. The indirect route is based on the fact that chronic periodontal disease, being a significant source of inflammation, may play a role in other disease conditions in which inflammation is a major component.
  • 503
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Parenting Programme
Parenting programmes are important ways to contribute to a healthy, sustainable, and resilient society. They benefit parents by reducing signs of stress and depression and increasing their self-efficacy and social behaviour, which leads to positive changes in childcare. In addition, they bring benefits to the parent–child relationship by relieving social pressure from parents, allowing a focus on the relationship with the child as an individual. Parenting programmes also positively affect society through knowledge sharing, networking, and support so that children can grow up in healthy environments and maximise their full potential.
  • 502
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Effect of Exercise on Mitochondria in Cardiovascular Disease
Mitochondria dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Exercise training is potentially an effective non-pharmacological strategy to restore mitochondrial health in CVD.
  • 502
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Scientific Advances in Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease Control
Despite the fact that rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) have largely been eradicated from high-income countries, the disease spectrum remains endemic in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), extacting a grim health and socioeconomic impact. Over 33 million people are believed to be living with RHD worldwide, claiming nearly a third of a million lives annually. Regrettably, the neglect of RHD as a global health priority was further exacerbated by competing infectious disease outbreaks, chief among them the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Nevertheless, the prior two decades have seen a slowly resurgence of interest in RF/RHD control. Substantial recent advances in the field of RF/RHD continuum control, however, have been realized over this time period. Such primary advances include a better understanding the genetic predisposition to RHD, progress in Group A Streptococcus (GAS) vaccine development, and improved diagnostic strategies for GAS pharyngitis. Echocardiographic screening for RHD, in particular, has represented a major advance which has unearthed the prevailing high burden of RHD. Lastly, the recent demonstration of benefit of secondary antibiotic prophylaxis on halting progression of latent RHD has marked a major step forward in averting progression of end-stage valvular disease in LMIC settings.
  • 501
  • 19 May 2022
Topic Review
Organic Fresh Produce
Growing and purchasing demand for organic fresh produce is increasing rapidly. Consumers are aware of health, environmental safety, pesticide harmfulness, nutrients, bioactive compounds, and safe food. Many research works are available on organic and conventional fresh produce. As organic fresh produce growing and purchasing demand is increasing, it has become necessary to review the recent trends in quality, safety, and consumer preferences of organic and conventional fresh food products. A few reports have been compiled on organic and conventional fresh produce. Researchers have started working on organic and conventional fresh produce with the help of modern technology to improve nutritional and functional quality, safety, and consumer preferences. Nutritional and functional quality, safety, and consumer preferences depend on cultivation techniques, treatment, crop cultivar, and appearance of products. Therefore, it is necessary to compile the literature on organic and conventional fresh produce based on quality, safety, and consumer preferences.
  • 501
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
PENG-Based Non-Invasive Medical Sensors
Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) not only are able to harvest mechanical energy from the ambient environment or body and convert mechanical signals into electricity but can also inform people about pathophysiological changes and communicate this information using electrical signals, thus acting as medical sensors to provide personalized medical solutions to patients.
  • 502
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Digital Twins for Home Remote Motor Rehabilitation
The COVID-19 pandemic created the need for telerehabilitation development, while Industry 4.0 brought the key technology. As motor therapy often requires the physical support of a patient’s motion, combining robot-aided workouts with remote control is a promising solution. This may be realised with the use of the device’s digital twin so as to give it an immersive operation. Such technology may be used for manual remote kinesiotherapy, combined with the safety systems predicting potentially harmful situations. The concept is universally applicable to rehabilitation robots.
  • 500
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Non-invasive for Adult Flatfoot
the effect of orthoses on adult flatfoot on reducing pain could not deny, especially at the early stage of deformity [12, 13]. Exercises for flatfoot were widely used and given some benefits in terms of decreased pain [14]. Exercises were also effective at strengthening foot muscles forming an arch. Two primary treatments were designed, which are active and passive intervention. The voluntary muscles produced the active interventions (AI), and in case wearing foot orthoses while doing exercises also considered as active. For example, active interventions were to practice exercises alone or do both exercises and foot orthoses. Passive interventions (PI) did not require body effort and involuntary participants during treatment, such as foot orthoses and stretching at the same procedure.  The two main approaches were active intervention (AI) and passive intervention (PI) with exercise and foot orthoses. At present, the overall effects of the active and passive intervention on adult flatfoot are still unclear because the results depend on skeletal and muscle maturity and the individual’s awareness. Furthermore, flatfoot progresses silently without any acute syndrome of pain or functional impairment. Thus, noninvasive methods that can be used over the long term and are cost-effective could be adopted. 
  • 500
  • 31 Aug 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 183
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback