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Topic Review
Effect of Physical Activity on the Circadian System
Circadian rhythms are an inherent property of all living systems and an essential part of the external and internal temporal order. They enable organisms to be synchronized with their periodic environment and guarantee the optimal functioning of organisms. Any disturbances, so-called circadian disruptions, may have adverse consequences for health, physical and mental performance, and wellbeing. The environmental light–dark cycle is the main zeitgeber for circadian rhythms. Moreover, regular physical activity is most useful. Not only does it have general favorable effects on the cardiovascular system, the energy metabolism and mental health, for example, but it may also stabilize the circadian system via feedback effects on the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the main circadian pacemaker. Regular physical activity helps to maintain high-amplitude circadian rhythms, particularly of clock gene expression in the SCN. It promotes their entrainment to external periodicities and improves the internal synchronization of various circadian rhythms. This in turn promotes health and wellbeing.
  • 577
  • 26 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Colistin-Resistant Bacteria
Colistin (polymyxin E) has been used as a growth promoter in food-production animals, but it is also used in pets for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections.
  • 577
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Circadian Rhythms and Glioblastomas
Gliomas are solid tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) that originated from different glial cells. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies these tumors into four groups (I–IV) with increasing malignancy. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of brain tumor classified as grade IV. GBMs are resistant to conventional therapies with poor prognosis after diagnosis even when the Stupp protocol that combines surgery and radiochemotherapy is applied. Nowadays, few novel therapeutic strategies have been used to improve GBM treatment, looking for higher efficiency and lower side effects, but with relatively modest results. The circadian timing system temporally organizes the physiology and behavior of most organisms and daily regulates several cellular processes in organs, tissues, and even in individual cells, including tumor cells.
  • 577
  • 15 Aug 2021
Topic Review
PCN in Malignancy-Associated Ureteric Obstruction
Malignant ureteric obstruction occurs in a variety of cancers and has been typically associated with a poor prognosis. Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) can potentially help increase patient longevity by establishing urinary drainage and treating renal failure. PCN is to put a small tube through a kidney to drain urine.
  • 576
  • 29 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Biomarkers to Monitor the Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet
Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial autoimmune enteropathy with a prevalence greater than 1% in the pediatric population. The only therapy for CD patients is a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Gluten-free food contamination by other cereals during packaging and cooking or accidental ingestion of gluten may cause several intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms in CD patients. More recently, the use of circulating, fecal and urinary miRNAs has emerged as a novel diagnostic tool that can be potentially applied to assess adherence to GFD. Moreover, the presence of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIPs) and miRNAs in both feces and urine suggests a similar excretion modality and the possibility of using urinary miRNAs, similarly to GIPs, as potential biomarkers of GFD in CD patients.
  • 576
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Protective Effect of Melatonin Administration against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for an increasing number of cases and deaths. Melatonin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and Mpro and MMP9 protein-inhibitory activity. Melatonin prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, although much remains to be clarified, at high doses, it seems to have a coadjuvant therapeutic effect in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and melatonin is effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. 
  • 576
  • 20 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Apps for Coronary Heart Disease
Mobile health applications (MHA) are discussed to contribute in overcoming this gap in treatment by fostering CHD management. First, MHA may support daily monitoring of activities and symptoms. Second, adherence to treatment and lifestyle changes can be increased by self-tracking, feedback, and reminder functions of MHA.
  • 575
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Bereavement Needs Assessment in Nurses
The impossibility of anticipating the events, the numerous deaths, the excessive workload, the lack of personal health and the necessary means of protection made it difficult to regulate the impact and the elaboration of grief to the point of becoming, on many occasions, a traumatic grief whose physical and psychological manifestations are becoming more and more evident. a specific measurement instrument suitable is proposed to identify possible risk factors and a symptomatology of professional traumatic grief. It could be used to plan and take action aimed at preventing the long-term effects of this pathology, thereby mitigating the threat to personal identity, promoting coping resources for professionals, helping to minimize negative self-evaluation due to the loss and improving the quality of life and healthcare of this at-risk population. A scale for a group of symptoms based on professional traumatic grief was developed.
  • 575
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Assistive Technologies for Supporting Older Adults' Wellbeing
As people age, they are more likely to develop multiple chronic diseases and experience a decline in some of their physical and cognitive functions, leading to the decrease in their ability to live independently. Innovative technology-based interventions tailored to older adults’ functional levels and focused on healthy lifestyles are considered imperative. 
  • 575
  • 15 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Public Mental Health under COVID-19
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has surprised health authorities around the world producing a global health crisis. This research discusses the main psychosocial stressors associated with COVID-19 in the literature, and the responses of global public mental health services to these events. Thus, a consensus and critical review were performed using both primary sources, such as scientific articles and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases.
  • 575
  • 17 May 2021
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