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Topic Review
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Children
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern. It was believed that SARS-CoV-2 virus was much less likely affect children. Statistics show that children account for 2–13% of all COVID-19 patients in individual countries. In the youngest population, acute respiratory failure is not as serious a problem as complications after COVID-19, mainly pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS, MIS-C). Thirteen publications that quantitatively and qualitatively described the efficacy of HBOT application in the treatment of pediatric diseases were eligible among the studies; those relating to the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of children with COVID-19 and its complications were not found. The bibliographic review showed that hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be used in the treatment of children after carbon monoxide poisoning, with soft tissue necrosis, bone necrosis, after burns, or after skin transplant. No evidence supported by research has been found in scientific journals on the effectiveness of the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in children with a history of COVID-19 infection. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies with regard to the use of HBOT therapy in the treatment of children and to reduce the number of pediatric patients suffering because of complications after COVID-19.
  • 505
  • 02 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Physical Exercise and the Hallmarks of Breast Cancer
Growing evidence suggests that, among the different molecular/cellular pathophysiological mechanisms associated with cancer, there are 14 hallmarks that play a major role, including: (i) sustaining proliferative signaling, (ii) evading growth suppressors, (iii) activating invasion and metastasis, (iv) enabling replicative immortality, (v) inducing angiogenesis, (vi) resisting cell death, (vii) reprogramming energy metabolism, (viii) evading immune destruction, (ix) genome instability and mutations, (x) tumor-promoting inflammation, (xi) unlocking phenotypic plasticity, (xii) nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming, (xiii) polymorphic microbiomes, and (xiv) senescent cells. These hallmarks are also associated with the development of breast cancer, which represents the most prevalent tumor type in the world. For the first time, the effects of physical activity/exercise on these hallmarks are described. In summary, an active lifestyle, and particularly regular physical exercise, provides beneficial effects on all major hallmarks associated with breast cancer, and might therefore help to counteract the progression of the disease or its associated burden.
  • 805
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Ordinary Teachers' Evidence-Based Intervention on Mental Health Literacy
The immediate effect of the intervention on promoting students’ mental health knowledge was significant, but the amount of delay effect is not significant. Ordinary classroom teachers can effectively participate in projects to improve students’ mental health literacy, significantly improve students’ mental health knowledge and attitudes towards psychological problems, and make up for the shortage of full-time mental health teachers in schools. More attention should be paid to students’ mental health literacy, and evidence-based intervention research should be strengthened. Furthermore, researchers can improve students’ mental health literacy and avoid poor mental health by addressing delays in early intervention, as well as improve experimental design, prolong the intervention time, and improve the effectiveness of the intervention.
  • 261
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in IgA Nephropathy
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide today. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a polyprotein complex and an important participant in inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome participates in a variety of kidney diseases, including IgAN. 
  • 438
  • 31 Jan 2023
Biography
Bhasker Sharma
He is an acclaimed doctor not only in India but across the world. He holds the Guiness World record for hosting the Largest Homeopathy Lesson at Rajkot, Gujarat in August 2018. Dr Sharma was recently awarded two Presidential Awards by Donald Trump, the former president of the USA. These included the Presidential Active Lifestyle Award and Presidential Youth Fitness Award. Recently, Dr Sharma
  • 882
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Gastrointestinal Ultrasound in Emergency Setting
Acute bowel diseases are responsible for more than one third of subjects who were referred to the emergency department for acute abdominal pain and gastrointestinal evaluation. Gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) is often employed as the first imaging method, with a good diagnostic accuracy in the setting of acute abdomen, and it can be an optimal diagnostic strategy in young females due to the radiation exposure related to X-ray and computed tomography methods. The physician can examine the gastrointestinal system in the area with the greatest tenderness by ultrasound, thus obtaining more information and data on the pathology than the standard physical examination.
  • 303
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Cytokines as Selected Biomarkers of Depression
Depression is one of the leading mental illnesses worldwide and lowers the quality of life of many. According to WHO, about 5% of the worldwide population suffers from depression. Studies report a staggering global prevalence of 27.6%, and it is rising. Professionally, depression belonging to affective disorders is a psychiatric illness, and the category of major depressive disorder (MDD) comprises various diagnoses related to persistent and disruptive mood disorders. Due to this fact, it is imperative to find a way to assess depression quantitatively using a specific biomarker or a panel of biomarkers that would be able to reflect the patients’ state and the effects of therapy. Cytokines, hormones, oxidative stress markers, and neuropeptides are studied in association with depression. 
  • 511
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Thalassotherapy for Improving Well-Being and Post-Oncology Recovery
Cancer treatments have undergone significant advances, although they are not exempt from side effects, including skin toxicity. Different studies show that skin care for cancer patients can be effective in reducing sequelae such as inflammation, xerosis, skin rash, and radiodermatitis, among others. It is necessary to implement measures that improve the patient’s well-being and, therefore, thalassotherapy techniques and the marine environment could be an effective resource to achieve this goal. Thalassotherapy is the combined use of marine elements (water, algae, mud and climate), in a marine environment for healing and well-being improvement purposes. 
  • 408
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
The Social Determinants of Health
The five main areas of social determinants of health (SDOH) are economic stability, healthcare access and quality, education access and quality, social and community context, and the neighborhood and built environment. Each of these domains can be further detailed by specific factors that may go on to affect a patient’s quality of life and health.
  • 555
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Emergencies of Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
Temporomandibular disorder is a musculoskeletal disease with complex, multifactorial etiology regarding improper functioning of the stomatognathic system (masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and surrounding structures). Here presents medical emergencies occurring among patients treated for temporomandibular disorders, which tend to constitute a severe difficulty for practitioners during their clinical practice. Examples of the most common emergencies of this type are disc displacement without reduction and a sudden contraction of the inferior part of the lateral pterygoid muscle. The latter occurs in cases of uncontrolled and incorrect use of the anterior repositioning splints and the hypertrophy of the coronoid process of the mandible. 
  • 246
  • 29 Jan 2023
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