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Topic Review
Biosensors and Microfluidic Biosensors
Biosensors are ubiquitous in a variety of disciplines, such as biochemical, electrochemical, agricultural, and biomedical areas. They can integrate various point-of-care applications, such as in the food, healthcare, environmental monitoring, water quality, forensics, drug development, and biological domains. Multiple strategies have been employed to develop and fabricate miniaturized biosensors, including design, optimization, characterization, and testing. In view of their interactions with high-affinity biomolecules, they find application in the sensitive detection of analytes, even in small sample volumes. Among the many developed techniques, microfluidics have been widely explored; these use fluid mechanics to operate miniaturized biosensors. The currently used commercial devices are bulky, slow in operation, expensive, and require human intervention; thus, it is difficult to automate, integrate, and miniaturize the existing conventional devices for multi-faceted applications. Microfluidic biosensors have the advantages of mobility, operational transparency, controllability, and stability with a small reaction volume for sensing. 
  • 548
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Bisphosphonates’ Impact on Dental Procedures
Bisphosphonates are widely used to treat osteoporosis and malignant tumors due to their effectiveness in increasing bone density and inhibiting bone resorption. Dental patients receiving bisphosphonate treatment are at higher risk of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ), necessitating dentists’ awareness of these risks. Topical bisphosphonate applications enhance dental implant success, by promoting osseointegration and preventing osteoclast apoptosis, and is effective in periodontal treatment. 
  • 402
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Blockchain Technology in Healthcare
Blockchain technology, a distributed ledger based on peer to peer networks, has been gaining high popularity in healthcare.
  • 412
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Blood Flow Restriction and Ocular Health
Despite the many health benefits of resistance training, it has been suggested that high-intensity resistance exercise is associated with acute increases in intraocular pressure which is a significant risk factor for the development of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Therefore, resistance training using a variety of forms (e.g., resistance bands, free weights, weight machines, and bodyweight) may be harmful to patients with or at risk of glaucoma. An appropriate solution for such people may involve the combination of resistance training and blood flow restriction (BFR). During the last decade, the BFR (a.k.a. occlusion or KAATSU training) method has drawn great interest among health and sports professionals because of the possibility for individuals to improve various areas of fitness and performance at lower exercise intensities. 
  • 332
  • 08 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Blood-Based Biomarkers of Autopsies
Autopsies are still needed for the determination and correction of causes of death, even in “clear-cut” cases. Moreover, post mortem sample handling and analysis are challenges that need to be addressed, as they can produce variability in the findings; for this reason, validation with biomarkers is of key importance. 
  • 231
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Body Dissatisfaction and MEB
The present study aimed to quantify the relationship between body dissatisfaction and morbid exercise behaviour (MEB).
  • 501
  • 31 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Bone Grafts in Dental Medicine
There are several materials available for bone grafts and the selection of the ideal material depends on a number of factors, such as material availability, defect size, size, shape and volume of the graft, biomechanics, handling, cost, ethical issues, biological characteristics, and associated complications. Among the available options in the area of bone regeneration, the gold standard remains autogenous bone, due to its osteoinductive and osteogenic capabilities. All other materials (allograft, xenograft, and synthetic biomaterials) have limitations, which must be taken into account, depending on their use.
  • 327
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Bone Health in Prostate Cancer Disease
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. PCa cells require androgen receptor (AR) signaling for their growth and survival. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the preferred treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastatic PCa disease. Bone-metastasis-induced early changes in the bone that proceed the osteoblastic response in the bone matrix are monitored and detected via modern magnetic resonance and PET/CT imaging technologies.
  • 671
  • 14 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Bone Mass and Mineral Metabolism in Celiac Disease
Osteoporosis affects many patients with celiac disease (CD), representing the consequence of calcium malabsorption and persistent activation of mucosal inflammation. A slight increase of fracture risk is evident in this condition, particularly in those with overt malabsorption and in postmenopausal state. The adoption of a correct gluten-free diet (GFD) improves bone derangement, but is not able to normalize bone mass in all the patients. Biomarkers effective in the prediction of bone response to gluten-free diet are not available and the indications of guidelines are still imperfect and debated.
  • 359
  • 16 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Bongkrekic Acid as a Threat to Food Safety
Bongkrekic acid (BKA) poisoning, induced by the contamination of Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans, has a long-standing history of causing severe outbreaks of foodborne illness. It has emerged as a lethal food safety concern, presenting significant challenges to public health. 
  • 968
  • 08 Nov 2023
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