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Topic Review
Human Respiratory Infections in Nigeria
The outbreak of zoonotic diseases presents challenging times for nations and calls for a renewed effort to disrupt the chain of events that precede it. Nigeria’s response to the 2006 bird flu provided a platform for outbreak response, yet it was not its first experience with Influenza. Nigeria’s interest in animal influenza research was triggered by its negative economic consequence on poultry. This is because the poultry industry is a fast-growing sector and an effective tool for poverty alleviation in Nigeria.
  • 311
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Lifestyle and Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder and it is defined as the inability of a known quantity of insulin (exogenous or endogenous) to increase glucose uptake and utilization in an individual as much as it does in the healthy population.
  • 310
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Relationship between the Gut Virome and Metabolic Pathologies
The human gastrointestinal tract contains large communities of microorganisms that are in constant interaction with the host, playing an essential role in the regulation of several metabolic processes. Human adenovirus infection was identified as a significant risk factor for the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, in liver cirrhosis, gut virome (GV) alterations correlate with cirrhosis progression. The most widely investigated matter is the relationship between the GM and intestinal diseases, primarily inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although there is also a potential relation between GV and type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, hypertension, malnutrition and low growth rate, metabolic syndrome, liver diseases, colorectal cancer (CRC), melanoma, cognitive maintenance, and cerebral ischemia.
  • 310
  • 31 May 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers in Monitoring Radiotherapy Toxicity
Radiotherapy (RT) is a major part of cancer treatment. The reported variability in patient response to this modality can interfere with the continuation of best-possible care, promote side effects, and lead to long-term morbidity. Tools to predict a patient’s response to radiation could be highly useful in improving therapeutic outcomes while minimizing unnecessary and toxic exposure to radiation.
  • 310
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Syndromic Surveillance Systems for Mass Gatherings
As defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), public health surveillance is the “ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of outcome-specific data for use in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice,” which has been instrumental in the reduction in mortality from exposure to infectious diseases and environmental toxins. The arm of public health surveillance that deals specifically with the early detection of disease outbreaks or clusters of adverse health emergencies is referred to as syndromic surveillance and can be defined as “an investigational approach where health department staff, assisted by automated data acquisition and generation of statistical alerts, monitor disease indicators in real-time or near-real-time to detect outbreaks of disease earlier than would otherwise be possible with traditional public health methods”.
  • 309
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Could Periodontitis Aggravate Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory systemic disease that has been associated with periodontal pathologies, specifically periodontitis.
  • 310
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Hearing Rehabilitation in Vestibular Schwannoma
The most common complaint among patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) is hearing loss. This significantly affects the quality of life before, during, and after treatment for patients with VS. Untreated hearing loss in VS patients may even lead to depression and feelings of social isolation. A variety of devices are available for hearing rehabilitation for patients with vestibular schwannoma. 
  • 308
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers Guide Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury
The definition of acute kidney injury (AKI), despite improvements in criteria, continues to be based on the level of serum creatinine and urinary output that do not specifically indicate tubular function or injury, or glomerular function or injury that is not significant enough to warrant acute hospitalization of the patient. Finding novel biomarkers of AKI has become a major focus nowadays in nephrology to overcome the further complications of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Many compounds, such as KIM 1, IL 18, NGAL, uromodulin, calprotectin, vanin 1, galactin 3, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), urinary Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3), retinol binding protein (RBP) and Cystatin C, are released from the renal tubules and thus any alterations in tubular function can be detected by measuring these parameters in urine. Additionally, glomerular injury can be detected by measuring immunoglobulin G, nephrin, podocalyxin, podocin, transferrin, netrin-1, pyruvate kinase M2, etc. in urine. These novel biomarkers will be useful for timing the initial insult and assessing the duration of AKI. 
  • 308
  • 11 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Microbiological Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Brucellosis
Brucella spp. are Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, slow-growing, facultative intracellular bacteria causing brucellosis. Brucellosis is an endemic of specific geographic areas and, although underreported, represents the most common zoonotic infection, with an annual global incidence of 500,000 cases among humans. 
  • 307
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Kindness in Health Center
The healthcare workplace is a high-stress environment. All stakeholders, including patients and providers, display evidence of that stress. High stress has several effects. Even acutely, stress can negatively affect cognitive function, worsening diagnostic acumen, decision-making, and problem-solving. It decreases helpfulness. As stress increases, it can progress to burnout and more severe mental health consequences, including depression and suicide. One of the consequences (and causes) of stress is incivility. Both patients and staff can manifest these unkind behaviors, which in turn have been shown to cause medical errors. The human cost of errors is enormous, reflected in thousands of lives impacted every year. The economic cost is also enormous, costing at least several billion dollars annually in the US alone. The warrant for promoting kindness, therefore, is enormous. Kindness creates positive interpersonal connections, which, in turn, buffers stress and fosters resilience. Kindness, therefore, is not just a nice thing to do: it is critically important in the workplace. Ways to promote kindness, including leadership modeling positive behaviors as well as the deterrence of negative behaviors, are essential.
  • 307
  • 13 Jun 2023
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