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Topic Review
Production and Use of Typical Rubber Antioxidants
Antioxidants are prevalently used during rubber production to improve rubber performance, delay aging, and extend service life. Studies have revealed that their transformation products (TPs) could adversely affect environmental organisms and even lead to environmental events, which led to great public concern about environmental occurrence and potential impacts of rubber antioxidants and their TPs.
  • 2.7K
  • 22 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Dietary Antioxidants and Lung Cancer in Smokers, Non-Smokers
Smoking is the major cause of cancer mortality, responsible for 64.2% of global lung cancer (LC)-related deaths in 2019. There is clear evidence from longitudinal and/or case–control studies that support the link between current smoking and LC risk. Secondhand smoke (SHS) as well as other environmental and genetic factors are potential risk factors for the development of LC in non-smokers. Approximately 6% of global non-smoker deaths from LC in 2019 are caused by SHS exposure.
  • 533
  • 21 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Neuropsychiatric Complications of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Beginning with the various strategies of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to invade the bodies and manifest infection, and ending with the long COVID, people are witnessing the evolving course of the disease in addition to the pandemic. Given the partially controlled course of the COVID-19 pandemic, the greatest challenge lies in managing the short- and long-term complications of COVID-19.
  • 397
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Viral Zoonotic Diseases and Male Reproduction
Zoonotic diseases occur as a result of human interactions with animals with the inadvertent transmission of pathogens from one to another. Zoonoses remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality among human populations, as they have been a source of pandemics in human history. Viral zoonoses account for a significant percentage of pathogens of zoonotic sources, posing a huge risk to men’s general health and fertility. Evidence from reviewed articles showed that viral zoonotic diseases elicit an immune reaction that induces inflammatory mediators and impairs testicular functions such as spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, leading to abnormal semen parameters that lead to subfertility/infertility. Although most zoonotic viruses linger in semen long after recovery, their presence in semen does not directly translate to sexual transmission. 
  • 420
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Environmental Stressors and the PINE Network
Both psychosocial and physical environmental stressors have been linked to chronic mental health and chronic medical conditions. The psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network details metabolomic pathways which are responsive to varied stressors and link chronic medical conditions with mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder via a network of pathophysiological pathways. Biological links have been established between particulate matter (PM) exposure, key sub-networks of the PINE model and mental health sequelae, suggesting that in theory, long-term mental health impacts of PM exposure may exist, driven by the disruption of these biological networks. This disruption could trans-generationally influence health; however, long-term studies and information on chronic outcomes following acute exposure event are still lacking, limiting what is known beyond the acute exposure and all-cause mortality. More empirical evidence is needed, especially to link long-term mental health sequelae to PM exposure, arising from PINE pathophysiology. 
  • 400
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Mechanisms for Reducing the Glycemic Response
Dietary fiber (DF), especially viscous DF, can contribute to a reduction in the glycemic response resulting from the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods.
  • 537
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Health Effects of Radiation Exposure
Computed tomography (CT) exposes patients to hazardous ionizing radiation, which carry the risk to damage the genetic material in the cells, leading to stochastic health effects in the form of heritable genetic mutations and increased cancer risk. These probabilistic, long-term carcinogenic effects of radiation can be seen over a lifetime and may sometimes take several decades to manifest. 
  • 654
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Long COVID-19
“Long COVID-19” refers to the existence of symptoms weeks or months after contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of the viral state. The long COVID-19 or post COVID-19 condition is defined as the illness that arises in patients who have a history of suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, usually within three months of the commencement of COVID-19, with symptoms and consequences lasting at least two months.
  • 415
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Dietary Assessment Tools for Preschool-Aged Children
Preschool-aged children in the U.S. have suboptimal diets. Interventions to improve child nutrition focus on parents and their role in shaping social and physical home environments, which influence children’s eating behaviors. Dietary assessment tools selected to measure intervention objectives, and how results are interpreted in key findings, are essential when examining children’s diets. Dietary assessment tools can be used to capture habitual or acute dietary intake as well as a variety of dietary outputs—foods and food groups consumed (e.g., fruits and vegetables), energy (calories), macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats and protein), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and dietary scores or quality indices (e.g., diet diversity, Healthy Eating Index).
  • 750
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Electroencephalogram Control Strategies
Electroencephalography (EEG) is the most often-used brain signal in brain-machine interface applications. EEG measures brain activity electric signals generated by currents created by neurons within the brain. Several factors contribute to this popularity compared to other brain wave measurement methods. EEG signals are non-invasive, low cost, compatible, portable, and have a high temporal resolution. This explains why EEG is the most widely used tool to measure brain activity. Furthermore, it is reasonably priced and has an excellent temporal resolution (1 ms).
  • 437
  • 16 Dec 2022
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