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Topic Review
Physical Activity in Older Adults
Healthy aging makes the practice of physical activity (PA) a necessity. However, PA guidelines achievement in older adults is scarce. The use of behavioral theories such as Transtheoretical Model (TTM), helps in older adults PA promotion. The aim of this review was to identify the use of TTM for PA in older adults (>60 years). PubMed, SPORTdiscus, and Medline databases were used to conduct the search. All steps of the process followed the recommendations of the PRISMA flow-diagram. We identified eight studies: Six were descriptive cross-sectional studies, one prospective-cohort study and one with a quasi-experimental design. Only two papers evaluated the four behavior change dimensions within the same study, three evaluated the processes of change and the decisional balance, four evaluated the exercise self-efficacy and all assessed the stages of change for PA behavior. 
  • 619
  • 24 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Physical Activity in Individuals with Down Syndrome
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic alteration in humans, resulting from the trisomy of chromosome 21. Individuals with DS are characterized by physical traits and limitations related to intellectual functioning and the development of motor skills. People with DS tend to have lower levels of physical activity (PA) than the general population, despite its benefits for health and quality of life, which could be caused by barriers such as the lack of adapted programs or knowledge on how to adapt them. 
  • 200
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Physical Activity in Cardiometabolic Disease
Cardiometabolic disease begins with insulin resistance and then progresses to the clinically identifiable high-risk states of metabolic syndrome and prediabetes, before it leads to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs), the burden attributable to non-communicable disease (including CVD and T2DM) increased from 37.8% of total disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 1990 to 66.0% in 2019, with a similar pattern in upper-middle-income countries as well. Cardiometabolic disease imposes a large financial burden on patients and households, while increasing vulnerability to poverty.
  • 337
  • 06 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Physical Activity and Physical Function in Old Age
Accumulating evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) is an efficient intervention to maintain functional capabilities and mitigate physiological changes in the older population. Resistance training (RT) is an effective intervention for improving physical function in frail populations; thus, it has important implications for the development of PA programs for older adults with frailty. 
  • 156
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Physical Activity and Mediterranean Diet in Cancer
A healthy diet and an active lifestyle are both effective ways to prevent, manage, and treat many diseases, including cancer. A healthy, well-balanced diet not only ensures that the body gets the right amount of nutrients to meet its needs, but it also lets the body get substances that protect against and/or prevent certain diseases. It is now clear that obesity is linked to long-term diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
  • 310
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Physical Activity and Dementia
Physical activity (PA) has emerged as an alternative nonpharmacological approach to effectively address the effects of dementia. This is mainly because regular PA improves the strength of cells and tissues to respond to oxidative stress, vascularization, and energy metabolism and also allows neurotropic effects through neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations, which contribute to brain plasticity, memory improvement, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity [15]. These processes attenuate for the loss of brain tissue while the brain is ageing [14]. 
  • 508
  • 24 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Physical Activity among Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) have low levels of physical activity (PA). Understanding factors influencing the PA participation of this population is essential to the design of effective interventions. Continued exploration of factors influencing PA participation is required among children and adolescents with ID. Future interventions should involve families, schools, and wider support network in promoting their PA participation together. 
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Photoplethysmography
Optical sensors play an increasingly important role in the development of medical diagnostic devices. They can be very widely used to measure the physiology of the human body. Optical methods include PPG, radiation, biochemical, and optical fiber sensors. Optical sensors offer excellent metrological properties, immunity to electromagnetic interference, electrical safety, simple miniaturization, the ability to capture volumes of nanometers, and non-invasive examination. In addition, they are cheap and resistant to water and corrosion. The use of optical sensors can bring better methods of continuous diagnostics in the comfort of the home and the development of telemedicine in the 21st century.
  • 855
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Photodynamic Therapy on Halitosis
Halitosis is a term that consists of any unpleasant odor emanating from the oral cavity, the source of which may be local or systemic. This alteration in mouth odor is the third major cause of the search for oral treatment. Anaerobic bacteria are identified as the main cause of halitosis.
  • 291
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Phenolic Compounds in Medicinal Plants
Unlike other secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds are found in almost all plant cells. They hold functional significance not at the cell level, but at the level of the whole plant. The central enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) is inducible: due to the induction of the expression of coding genes, its activity increases sharply under the influence of stress factors. 
  • 229
  • 12 Sep 2023
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