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Topic Review
The Bacterial Urban Resistome
Cities that are densely populated are reservoirs of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). The overall presence of all resistance genes in a specific environment is defined as a resistome. Spatial proximity of surfaces and different hygienic conditions leads to the transfer of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) within urban environments. Built environments, public transportation, green spaces, and citizens’ behaviors all support persistence and transfer of antimicrobial resistances (AMR). 
  • 590
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Screening, Stratification and Scores
Technological innovations including risk-stratification algorithms and large databases of longitudinal population health data and genetic data are allowing us to develop a deeper understanding how individual behaviors, characteristics, and genetics are related to health risk. The clinical implementation of risk-stratified screening programmes that utilise risk scores to allocate patients into tiers of health risk is foreseeable in the future.
  • 590
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Steroid Induced Hyperglycaemia in Hospital
Oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) might be an adequate choice in inpatients with stable and non-critical disease and mild hyperglycaemic excursions. In those with significant hyperglycaemia and severe illness, insulin remains the treatment of choice in the hospital setting as also suggested by the current guidelines for inpatient diabetes management.
  • 589
  • 21 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption
A strong controversy persists regarding the effect of red wine (RW) consumption and health. Guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers discourage alcohol consumption in any form, but several studies have demonstrated that low RW intake may have positive effects on CVD risk. 
  • 589
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Safety Culture
Safety culture is considered to be the result of personal and collective attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour patterns, and it determines the commitment, willingness, style, and ability of organizations to manage health and safety issues. 
  • 588
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Sleep Duration and Waking Activities
Optimal sleep duration is crucial as both short and long sleep duration are associated with physical and mental health problems. For example, sleep duration that is considered to be too short has been linked with an increased risk of obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type II diabetes, whereas sleep duration that is too long has been associated with an increased risk of poor health-related quality of life, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and stroke.
  • 587
  • 24 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Specialists’ Dual Practice within Public Hospital Setting
In line with the commitment of the Malaysian government and Ministry of Health (MOH) to prevent the brain drain of specialists from public hospitals, they have been permitted to perform dual practice within the public hospital setting (DPH) since 2007. DPH allowed them to hold jobs in both public and private practices within the same public hospitals that they are affiliated to, permitting these specialists to treat public and private patients. Nevertheless, the information regarding DPH in Southeast Asia region is still limited. In Malaysia, public specialists are allowed to perform DPH, which is also known as Full Paying Patient (FPP) Service. FPP Service as DPH has been well-governed and regulated by the MOH while serving as a means to retain specialists in the public healthcare system by providing them with opportunities to obtain additional income. Such a policy has also reduced the financial burden of the government in subsidizing healthcare.
  • 587
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Omega-3 PUFA in Pediatric Cancer
Epidemiological literature suggests a protective effect of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) against cancer. They are attributed to have significant anti-inflammatory properties, and are reported to directly inhibit carcinogenesis and tumor expansion, whilst also reducing the risk for secondary complications, thus representing a promising approach for adjunctive chemotherapy treatment. At the same time, the incidence of malnutrition amongst children with cancer is high and both under- and overnutrition are associated with detrimental consequences, including increased risks for morbidity and mortality, early relapse rates, and a higher prevalence of secondary complications during treatment. Taken together with the benefits of n-3 PUFA supplementation, an enhancement of the nutritional status is a potentially modifiable prognostic factor in pediatric oncology.
  • 587
  • 08 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Colorectal Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Colonoscopy procedure has been the key screening method to detect colorectal cancer (CRC). As a fatal disease, CRC needs early detection. The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic caused screening tests (mainly colonoscopy) to be halted and delayed. At the same time, the use of other screening tests like fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) increased.  
  • 587
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Traditional Chinese Exercises and Elderly
As the General Administration of Sport of China recommends, more and more people are choosing traditional Chinese exercies to exercise at home. This entry has been written based on the hypothesis that TECs have a positive effect on the blood lipid parameters of middle-aged and older people. This systematic review included 42 RCTs, with 6 TCEs with 2977 subjects aged 55 to 60 years, providing high-quality evidence of the effect of six kinds of TCE on blood lipids.
  • 586
  • 04 Aug 2021
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