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Topic Review
Healthcare System in Romania
Within the framework of the Romanian healthcare system, a multitude of pressing challenges endure. These encompass insufficient funding, shortages of medical personnel, and ineffectiveness in the provisioning of services. These impediments substantially hinder the accessibility of healthcare services, particularly in outlying and pastoral regions, thereby rendering the system susceptible and underserving certain demographics. 
  • 612
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Non-Coding RNAs in Oral Cancer
Oral cancer (OC) is among the most prevalent cancers in the world. Certain geographical areas are disproportionately affected by OC cases due to the regional differences in dietary habits, tobacco and alcohol consumption. However, conventional therapeutic methods do not yield satisfying treatment outcomes. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the disease process and to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OC.
  • 177
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Metabolomic Patterns in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
The spectrum of information related to precision medicine in diabetes generally includes clinical data, genetics, and omics-based biomarkers that can guide personalized decisions on diabetes care. Given the remarkable progress in patient risk characterization, there is particular interest in using molecular biomarkers to guide diabetes management. Metabolomics is an emerging molecular approach that helps better understand the etiology and promises the identification of novel biomarkers for complex diseases. Both targeted or untargeted metabolites extracted from cells, biofluids, or tissues can be investigated by established high-throughput platforms, like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Metabolomics is proposed as a valuable tool in precision diabetes medicine to discover biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and management of the progress of diabetes through personalized phenotyping and individualized drug-response monitoring.
  • 230
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Potential Health Benefits of Genetically Modified Rice
The production of rice, an important cereal crop and staple food for most of the world’s population, faces challenges due to climate change, the increasing global population, and the simultaneous prevalence of hunger and obesity worldwide. These issues could be addressed at least in part by genetically modified rice. Genetically modified rice has been approved by the ISAAA’s GM approval database as safe for human consumption. The aim behind the development of this rice is to improve the crop yield, nutritional value, and food safety of rice grains.
  • 348
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Duration of Menstrual Blood Loss
The duration of bleeding is not necessarily linked to the amount of loss but may be influenced by age, ethnicity, habitus, region and altitude of residence, dieting and stress. The onset of bleeding has been linked to declining steroid production by the corpus luteum. There remains considerable controversy around the extent of endometrial shedding at menstruation. This is likely to vary within and between women. The significance of a change from previous patterns, very short or prolonged bleeding, days of light loss or spotting before or after days of bleeding, or of bleed-free days that punctuate flow, remain poorly understood.
  • 192
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress during Pregnancy
Pregnancy is accompanied by an increased need for oxygen in the mitochondria of the placenta and a tendency to develop oxidative stress. Oxidative stress represents a disturbance in the balance of oxidation–reduction processes in the body that occurs due to the excessive production of free oxygen radicals that cellular homeostatic mechanisms are unable to neutralize. When the balance with the antioxidant system is disturbed, which happens when free oxygen radicals are in high concentrations, serious damage to biological molecules occurs, resulting in a series of pathophysiological and pathological changes, including cell death. Therefore, oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many complications that can occur during pregnancy. 
  • 253
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Resistance as Serious Threat for Public Health
Antibiotics are among the most important discoveries of the 20th century, having saved millions of lives from infectious diseases. Microbes have developed acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to many drugs due to high selection pressure from increasing use and misuse of antibiotics over the years. The transmission and acquisition of AMR occur primarily via a human–human interface both within and outside of healthcare facilities. A huge number of interdependent factors related to healthcare and agriculture govern the development of AMR through various drug-resistance mechanisms. The emergence and spread of AMR from the unrestricted use of antimicrobials in livestock feed has been a major contributing factor. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has attained an incongruous level worldwide and threatens global public health as a silent pandemic, necessitating urgent intervention. 
  • 442
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
GP's Perspectives on Weight Loss Dietary Advice
General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in guiding patients’ health behaviors, including advising on weight loss. GPs have access to a variety of lifestyle, medical, and surgical approaches to weight loss to assist their patients. 
  • 250
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Emotional Regulation Interventions on Developmen for Preterm Children
Children born preterm (<37 weeks’ gestation) show a specific vulnerability for socio-emotional difficulties, which may increase the likelihood of developing behavioral and psychiatric problems in adolescence and adulthood. The significant advances in perinatal and neonatal medicine over the past mean that most of these infants now survive to adulthood. Consequently, the focus of research has shifted from increasing survival rates to enhancing the quality of life and improving outcomes for these infants. It has been noticed that there is an increased risk of cognitive, behavioral, socio-emotional, speech, motor or sensory impairment in the long run. Furthermore, long-term overall function depends on healthy socio-emotional functioning; at the same time, preterm children present more behavioral and emotional problems than their full-term counterparts. The difficulties with the increasing requests, increasingly complex and demanding, will affect the learning, self-esteem and social development of the child and future adolescent.
  • 275
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Wearable Monitoring of Drugs
Precision medicine, particularly therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), is essential for optimizing drug dosage and minimizing toxicity. However, current TDM methods have limitations, including the need for skilled operators, patient discomfort, and the inability to monitor dynamic drug level changes. Wearable sensors have emerged as a promising solution for drug monitoring. These sensors offer real-time and continuous measurement of drug concentrations in biofluids, enabling personalized medicine and reducing the risk of toxicity. 
  • 412
  • 27 Jul 2023
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