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Topic Review
L-Citrulline
L-citrulline (CIT) is an organic compound and a non-essential amino acid, and the body can synthesize it endogenously. Diet is a poor source of CIT and endogenous synthesis the its main source in the body. Watermelon is the principal source of that amino acid in the diet; the name citrulline comes from Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.), the scientific name for watermelon. CIT concentration in watermelon depends on the type of cultivir and usually ranges between 0.7 and 3.6 g/kg of fresh weight. CIT is present in both the flesh and in the ring.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 May 2021
Topic Review
Aging of BM-MSCs
Aging of bone marrow is a complex process that is involved in the development of many diseases, including hematologic cancers. The results obtained in this field of research, year after year, underline the important role of cross-talk between hematopoietic stem cells and their close environment. In bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a major player in cell-to-cell communication, presenting a wide range of functionalities, sometimes opposite, depending on the environmental conditions. Although these cells are actively studied for their therapeutic properties, their role in tumor progression remains unclear. One of the reasons for this is that the aging of MSCs has a direct impact on their behavior and on hematopoiesis. In addition, tumor progression is accompanied by dynamic remodeling of the bone marrow niche that may interfere with MSC functions.
  • 811
  • 06 May 2021
Topic Review
Cutting Movement Assessment Score (CMAS)
The Cutting Movement Assessment Score (CMAS) is a recently validated field-based qualitative screening tool to identify athletes that display high-risk postures associated with increased non-contact ACL injury risk during side-step cutting. Side-step cutting is an action associated with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury with a plethora of negative economical, health, and psychological implications. Although ACL injury risk factors are multifactorial, biomechanical and neuromuscular deficits which contribute to “high-risk” and aberrant movement patterns are linked to ACL injury risk due to increasing knee joint loads and potential ACL loading. Importantly, biomechanical and neuromuscular deficits are modifiable; thus, being able to profile and classify athletes as potentially “high-risk” of injury is a crucial process in ACL injury mitigation. 
  • 2.0K
  • 05 May 2021
Topic Review
Massage Therapy for Post-Stroke
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term adult disability. The individuals that have suffered from a stroke present various upper motor neuron syndrome, signs and symptoms, including weakness, spasticity, lack of coordination and agonist antagonist co-contraction, with up to 50% of survivors being chronically disabled. They involve together in impairments and functional problems that can lead to costly complications. Physical therapy may contribute to the improvement of disabilities and quality of life in these individuals.
  • 1.9K
  • 30 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Sedentary Behavior and Physical Fitness
Sedentary behavior has been considered an independent risk factor to health. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine associations between objectively measured sedentary time and physical fitness components in healthy adults. Methods: Four electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed and Sport Discus) were searched (up to 20 September 2020) to retrieve studies on healthy adults which used observational, cohort and cross-sectional designs. Studies were included if sedentary time was measured objectively and examined associations with the health- or skill-related attributes of physical fitness (e.g., muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance). After applying additional search criteria, 21 papers (11,101 participants) were selected from an initial pool of 5192 identified papers. Results: Significant negative associations were found between total sedentary time with cardiorespiratory fitness (r = −0.164, 95%CI: −0.240, −0.086, p < 0.001), muscular strength (r = −0.147, 95%CI: −0.266, −0.024, p = 0.020) and balance (r = −0.133, 95%CI: −0.255, −0.006, p = 0.040).
  • 564
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Surfaces on Sprint Performance
The main function of a sport surface is to ensure safety and adequate player performance during physical exercise practice. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Healthcare Waste Management
Healthcare waste (HCW) disposal includes a multitude of disposal methods, including incineration, landfilling and chemical treatments. These rudimentary methods and their growing use present their own problems that negatively impact both the environment and, in turn, damage public health, thus contributing to a global healthcare crisis.
  • 636
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Dietary Fibre and Colorectal Adenoma
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer among men (after lung and prostate cancer) and the second among women (after breast cancer) worldwide, with approximately 2 new million cases (among both men and women) in 2020. Colorectal cancer is one of the few cancers for which a population screening program is in place practically all over the world. Fibre might play a protective role through several mechanisms, including physical mechanisms, anti-inflammatory properties and prebiotic effects. Results from two extensive and recent meta-analyses confirm the protective role of fibre on colon and rectal cancer risk
  • 445
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Leisure Noise and Hearing Loss
High sound levels capable of permanently damaging the ear are experienced not only in factories and war zones but in concert halls, nightclubs, sports stadiums, and many other leisure environments. This review summarizes evidence that loud music and other forms of “leisure noise” are common causes of noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, and hyperacusis, even if audiometric thresholds initially remain within clinically normal limits. Given the huge global burden of preventable noise-induced hearing loss, noise limits should be adopted in a much broader range of settings, and education to promote hearing conservation should be a higher public health priority.
  • 896
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Wireless Sensor Networks for Healthcare
Wireless sensor networks for healthcare refers to the networks that help to monitor the physical conditions. This entry details the Real-Time Centralized Activity Recognition and Real-Time Distributed Activity Recognition.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Apr 2021
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