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Topic Review
Motor Imagery EEG Signal Channel Selection Techniques
Communication, neuro-prosthetics, and environmental control are just a few applications for disabled persons who use robots and manipulators that use brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. The brain’s motor imagery (MI) signal is an essential input for a brain-related task in BCI applications. Due to their noninvasive, portability, and cost-effectiveness, electroencephalography (EEG) signals are the most widely used input in BCI systems. The EEG data are often collected from more than 100 different locations in the brain; channel selection techniques are critical for selecting the optimum channels for a given application. However, when analyzing EEG data, the principal purpose of channel selection is to reduce computational complexity, improve classification accuracy by avoiding overfitting, and reduce setup time. Several channel selection assessment algorithms, both with and without classification-based methods, extracted appropriate channel subsets using defined criteria. 
  • 447
  • 14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Air Pollution on Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Asthma
Redox regulation participates in the control of various aspects of metabolism. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species participate in many reactions under physiological conditions. When these species overcome the antioxidant defense system, a distressed status emerges, increasing biomolecular damage and leading to functional alterations. Air pollution is one of the exogenous sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Ambient airborne particulate matter (PM) is important because of its complex composition, which includes transition metals and organic compounds. Once in contact with the lungs’ epithelium, PM components initiate the synthesis of inflammatory mediators, macrophage activation, modulation of gene expression, and the activation of transcription factors, which are all related to the physiopathology of chronic respiratory diseases, including cancer. 
  • 446
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Knowledge Extraction for Health Management from Online Communities
Knowledge extraction from rich text in online health communities can supplement and improve the existing knowledge base, supporting evidence-based medicine and clinical decision making. The extracted time series health management data of users can help users with similar conditions when managing their health.
  • 446
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Pain Relief
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is used to alleviate the intensity of pain and involves the delivery of pulsed electrical currents across the skin to stimulate peripheral nerves. 
  • 446
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Diabetes Screening in a Dental Setting
With type 2 diabetes prevalence increasing globally, and the condition associated with many acute and chronic complications, oppurtunistic screening for dysglycaemia in the dental setting has been suggested to identify asymptomatic individuals.  For screening to be effective, individuals at risk of diabetes, need to adhere to their oral health professionals’ (OHP) referral advice and attend medical follow-up for definitive diagnosis of their glycemic status. A scoping research of the literature selecting studies of diabetes screening in a dental setting that recorded compliance to referral to follow-up, and explored any barriers and facilitators to adherence, found referral compliance was low and reported barriers and facilitators to attending medical follow-ups included accessibility, cost, knowledge of the condition, and OHP characteristics.
  • 446
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Tuberculosis in the Twenty-First Century
With an estimated two billion people being carriers of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the gains achieved by increasing access to diagnostics and treatment, although substantial, have had a modest impact on the global burden of tuberculosis (TB). At the same time, increased access to treatment has had the unintended consequence that drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) has increased dramatically. Earlier TB control strategies strongly emphasizing medical treatment have failed to address these issues effectively.
  • 445
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Long COVID-19
“Long COVID-19” refers to the existence of symptoms weeks or months after contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of the viral state. The long COVID-19 or post COVID-19 condition is defined as the illness that arises in patients who have a history of suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, usually within three months of the commencement of COVID-19, with symptoms and consequences lasting at least two months.
  • 445
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Viral Zoonotic Diseases and Male Reproduction
Zoonotic diseases occur as a result of human interactions with animals with the inadvertent transmission of pathogens from one to another. Zoonoses remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality among human populations, as they have been a source of pandemics in human history. Viral zoonoses account for a significant percentage of pathogens of zoonotic sources, posing a huge risk to men’s general health and fertility. Evidence from reviewed articles showed that viral zoonotic diseases elicit an immune reaction that induces inflammatory mediators and impairs testicular functions such as spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, leading to abnormal semen parameters that lead to subfertility/infertility. Although most zoonotic viruses linger in semen long after recovery, their presence in semen does not directly translate to sexual transmission. 
  • 445
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Intergenerational Taekwondo Program
Taekwondo is a modernized martial art that includes various combinations of hand and kicking techniques and core values of Taekwondo philosophy such as courtesy, mutual respect, and self-control. Physical inactivity is highly prevalent among older adults and is a major contributor to health-related problems. Intergenerational physical activity programs are used as an effective tool to make a positive connection between generations and provide additional health benefits for both generations. 
  • 445
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
The Pain at Work Toolkit
Self-management tools for people with chronic or persistent pain tend to focus on symptom reporting, treatment programmes or exercise and do not address barriers to work, facilitators of work ability, or workplace pain self-management strategies. Researchers developed the Pain at Work (PAW) toolkit, an evidence-based digital toolkit to provide advice on how employees can self-manage their pain at work. In a collaborative-participatory design, 4-step Agile methodology (N = 452) was used to co-create the toolkit with healthcare professionals, employers and people with chronic or persistent pain. Step 1: stakeholder consultation event (n = 27) established content and format; Step 2: online survey with employees who have persistent pain (n = 274) showed employees fear disclosing their condition, and commonly report discrimination and lack of line manager support. Step 3: online employer survey (n = 107) showed employers rarely provide self-management materials or education around managing pain at work, occupational health recommendations for reasonable adjustments are not always actioned, and pain-related stigma is common. Step 4: Toolkit development integrated findings and recommendations from Steps 1–3, and iterative expert peer review was conducted (n = 40). The PAW toolkit provides (a) evidence-based guidelines and signposting around work-capacity advice and support; (b) self-management strategies around working with chronic or persistent pain, (c) promotion of healthy lifestyles, and quality of life at work; (d) advice on adjustments to working environments and workplace solutions to facilitate work participation.
  • 444
  • 14 Jan 2022
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