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Topic Review
Opioid Stigma in Cancer Settings
Cancer-related pain affects a majority of patients with advanced cancer and is often undertreated. The treatment of this pain is largely reliant on the use of opioids, which are essential medicines for symptom management and the maintenance of quality of life (QoL) for patients with advanced cancer. While there are cancer-specific guidelines for the treatment of pain, widespread publication and policy changes in response to the opioid epidemic have drastically impacted perceptions of opioid use leading to stigmatization. 
  • 165
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Hypophysitis
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a new type of antitumor drug which can achieve antitumor goals by blocking the binding of immune checkpoints to their ligands, thereby enhancing the activity of T cells. Meanwhile, ICIs block the binding of immune checkpoints to their ligands, disrupting the immune tolerance of T cells to self-antigens, which may lead to a series of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis (IH) is a relatively rare irAE. Due to the lack of specificity in clinical manifestations, it is difficult to accurately diagnose IH in a timely manner in clinical practice. However, the risk of adverse events, especially IH, for patients receiving ICIs has not been adequately investigated. Missed or delayed diagnosis may lead to poor prognosis or even adverse clinical outcomes.
  • 239
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Community-Based Pharmacies
As pharmacy practice shifts its focus toward population health care needs that serve public health, there is a need to understand community-based pharmacies’ contributions to the reduction in health disparities.
  • 190
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Unsilencing the Echoes of Historical Trauma
Indigenous communities in North America have distinct colonial histories with their own story of how their ancestors were able to survive the mass effort to take their land, resources, language, culture, and sometimes even their lives. These stories have been passed down orally and through the DNA of the descendants of survivors via epigenetics. The Historical Loss Scale (HLS) and Historical Loss Associated Symptoms Scale (HLASS) are two validated scales that measure historical trauma among Native Americans.
  • 249
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Digital Health Information Storage
The concept of the health wallet, a digital platform that consolidates health-related information, has garnered significant attention in the past year. Electronic health data storage and transmission have become increasingly prevalent in the healthcare industry, with the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery.
  • 246
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
Core Cultural Competencies for Healthcare Professionals
There are many guidelines regarding cultural competencies for healthcare professionals and many instruments aiming to measure cultural competence. However, there is no consensus on which core cultural competencies are necessary for healthcare professionals. A review of 15 Delphi studies showed that the core competencies necessary for healthcare professionals to ensure that they provide culturally congruent care were: Reflect, Educate, Show Interest and Praise, Empathise, and Collaborate for Therapy. These competencies make the abbreviation and word RESPECT, which symbolically places emphasis on respect as the overarching behaviour for working effectively with diversity. 
  • 226
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Tuberculosis in the Twenty-First Century
With an estimated two billion people being carriers of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the gains achieved by increasing access to diagnostics and treatment, although substantial, have had a modest impact on the global burden of tuberculosis (TB). At the same time, increased access to treatment has had the unintended consequence that drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) has increased dramatically. Earlier TB control strategies strongly emphasizing medical treatment have failed to address these issues effectively.
  • 316
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Impact of COVID-19 on Hospital Profit Compensation Activities
The impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is still being felt, and little is known about the impact on hospital operations of the loss of outpatients and inpatients due to COVID-19 in many counties. Therefore exploring whether hospitals have adopted profit-compensation activities following the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in China in 2020. 2616589 inpatient records for 2018, 2019, and 2020 were extracted from 36 tertiary hospitals in a western province; a difference-in-difference event study design was used to estimate the dynamic impact of COVID-19 on total inpatient costs before and after the last confirmed case. An increase in mean total costs per patient of between 8.7% and 16.7% can be found in the first 25 weeks after urban reopening and return to normal hospitalization. It indicates that hospitals experienced profit compensating activity after the first wave of the outbreak in China in 2020, driven by the reduction in hospital admissions during that wave.
  • 155
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Volume and Surgical Outcomes in Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer is ranked as the fifth most frequently diagnosed type of cancer. Complete resection with adequate lymphadenectomy represents the goal of treatment with curative intent. Quality assurance is a crucial factor in the evaluation of oncological surgical care, and centralization of healthcare in referral hospitals has been proposed in several countries. However, an international agreement about the setting of “high-volume hospitals” as well as “minimum volume standards” has not yet been clearly established. Despite the clear postoperative mortality benefits that have been described for gastric cancer surgery conducted by high-volume surgeons in high-volume hospitals, many authors have highlighted the limitations of a non-composite variable to define the ideal postoperative period.
  • 377
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Syphilis and COVID-19
The syphilis and COVID-19 pandemics have marked a turning point in the history of mankind. The aim of this review is to analyze what two pandemics caused by different diseases have in common.
  • 492
  • 25 Apr 2023
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