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Topic Review
Stand-Level Optimization
There is a vast backlog of conducted first commercial thinnings (FCTs) in Finland. The reasons are many, but probably the most crucial would be the lack of simultaneous economic incentives for participating agents, i.e., private forest owners and forest machine contractors. In this study an FCT was executed accruing to five predetermined management options: (1) Industrial wood thinning with only two timber assortments, pulpwood and saw logs, (2) Integrated procurement of industrial and energy wood, (3) Energy wood thinning solely consisting of delimbed stems, (4) Whole-tree energy wood thinning with an energy price of 3 € m−3 and (5) Whole-tree energy wood thinning with energy price of 8 € m−3. Then, a two-phase financial analysis consisting of stand-level optimization (private forest owners) and profitability assessment (contractor) was conducted in order to find out whether there would be simultaneous economic incentives for both participants of FCT. The stand-level optimization revealed the financially best management options for a private forest owner, and then, for a contractor, the profitability assessment exposed the profit (or loss) associated with the particular management option.
  • 466
  • 22 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Some Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Technical Efficiency
Technical efficiency is, apart from allocative efficiency, a component of economic efficiency in the assessment of the activity of each enterprise or project. In the most general sense, it means the ratio of the output achieved to the inputs incurred to achieve it, and in the case of a multidimensional sum of outputs, to the sum of inputs. It describes how inputs are transformed into outputs or inputs into a sum of outputs.
  • 151
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Socio-Economic Activities Involving Wild Boars and Their Habits
The contexts of wild ungulate overabundance in Europe are protected, hunting, forestry, arable farming, livestock farming, and peri-urban areas. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, can be considered the progenitor of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus).
  • 221
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Social Media in Sustainable Tourism Recovery
The way tourists use SM during and after their trip differs by generation and gender what could be used in promoting responsible behaviour for sustainable tourism. Differences between generations can be observed in behaviours such as ongoing planning the trip, obtaining information about the place to stay, keeping a photo album for friends, and writing reviews. Moreover, more often than men, women use SM to obtain information about the place of stay and share their impressions of the trip by sending MMS or emails. Tracking tourists’ travel behaviour on social media will allow city managers to gather information and respond to their needs and expectations and ensure effective urban management and city promotion.
  • 563
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Similarities and Differences between Precision Agriculture and Digitalisation
The fourth industrial revolution affects all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. This has led to increasing agricultural digitalisation (which is also called agriculture 4.0 or A 4.0) in farms. According to Szalavetz, agricultural digitalisation refers to “the infusion of digital technologies in and the consequent transformation of agricultural pre-production, production, production-related support, and post-production activities.” 
  • 192
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Salt Stress on Cotton Plant
Cotton plants are affected in multiple ways by salt stress, including diminished growth, limited leaf area expansion, and impaired nutrient uptake. The accumulation of cytoplasmic Na+ and Cl- ions, which can lead to cell death, is also a consequence of salt stress. Plant salt stress is a phenomenon that occurs when soil solution contains an excessive amount of salts, leading to the inhibition of plant growth or even death.
  • 439
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Rural Tourism Destination
Rural tourism is considered a high potential form of tourism, enhanced by the demand for more sustainable and nature-based solutions, and able to contribute to territory resilience. A rural area is not necessarily a tourist destination, but it might become one, if agricultural enterprises are willing to diversify their economic activities by investing in rural tourism, and local actors provide active support and co-participation.
  • 3.5K
  • 05 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Rural Housing Rental Rates in China
Through recognition and mastery of the regional differences and influencing factors of China’s rural housing rental rates, we can better understand changes in the functional attributes of homesteads and deepen the reform of “separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights” of homesteads. Accordingly, it can use village residence data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey to measure the degree of regional differences in rural housing rental rates at the province level and empirically analyze the influencing factors with villages (residences) as measuring unit. The study yields four main findings. First, rural housing rental behavior exists to varying degrees in the vast majority of provinces nationwide. Second, according to the spatial distribution pattern, rural housing rental rates are generally high in the eastern coastal region and low in the central, western, and northeastern regions, mainly reflecting unique characteristics of the eastern region. Third, although the level of economic development is important, it is not the only factor explaining regional differences in rural housing rental rates. Fourth, rural housing rental rates are mainly influenced by a combination of three types of factors: physiographic, socioeconomic, and village governance factors. Among them, factors such as proximity to suburban areas, the proportion of non-local permanent residents, annual per capita income, and village infrastructure conditions have significant positive effects, whereas factors such as distance from administrative centers, reliance on funding from the higher-level authority of the village committee, and the degree of harmony between villages and cadres have significant negative effects. 
  • 404
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Responsible Investment in Agriculture Principles and Food Systems
The Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RAI) are shown as suitable instruments to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in rural areas. Local Action Groups (LAGs) have proven to be effective governance structures for the implementation and management of rural development projects based on participation and collective action. 
  • 497
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Regulatory Focus and Consumers’ Attitudes toward Artificial Meat
While production and consumption of meat cast a shadow over the prospects for sustainable development, artificial meat may be the solution. However, consumer acceptability of artificial meat is a major impediment to its use as a suitable alternative. Here analyzed the relationship between regulatory focus and consumer acceptance of artificial meat using randomized controlled trial data. Results showed that promotion focus results in a higher acceptance of artificial meat products due to a higher perceived benefit and lower perceived risk, whereas prevention focus results in a lower acceptance of artificial meat products due to perceived benefit being lower and perceived risk being higher. The moderating effect of the message framing was investigated employing structural equation modeling (SEM). It was discovered that a gain-oriented message framing could greatly strengthen the association between promotion focus and perceived benefit, whereas an avoidance oriented message framing could significantly diminish the relationship between prevention focus and perceived risk. 
  • 520
  • 23 May 2022
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