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Topic Review
Immunosuppression in Sensitized Patients
Following organ transplantation, sensitized patients have higher rates of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) compared to those who are non-sensitized. More stringent donor matching is required for these patients. Current approaches for sensitized patients focus on reducing preformed antibodies that preclude transplantation; however, this type of desensitization does not modulate the primed immune response in sensitized patients. Thus, an optimized maintenance immunosuppressive regimen is necessary for highly sensitized patients, which may be distinct from non-sensitized patients.
  • 611
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Hypothermic and Normothermic Perfusion in Kidney Transplantation
Hypothermic and normothermic machine perfusion in kidney transplantation are purported to exert a beneficial effect on post-transplant outcomes compared to the traditionally used method of static cold storage. Kidney perfusion techniques provide a window for organ reconditioning and quality assessment.
  • 555
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Immune Response against the Graft in Renal Transplantation
Kidney transplantation is the better choice for patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD), since it improves the quality of life of the recipients and reduces the associated cost of dialysis. However, long-term transplant survival remains a challenge in the renal transplantation community. The main causes of long-term graft loss are acute and chronic rejection, as well as the complications related to immunosuppression therapy.
  • 519
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Polysaccharide Based Implantable Drug Delivery
Implantable drug delivery systems advocate a wide array of potential benefits, including effective administration of drugs at lower concentrations and fewer side-effects whilst increasing patient compliance. Amongst several polymers used for fabricating implants, biopolymers such as polysaccharides are known for modulating drug delivery attributes as desired. 
  • 519
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells in Kidney Transplantation
Kidney transplantation (KT) is the gold standard treatment of end-stage renal disease. Among the many peri-operative complications that can jeopardize transplant outcomes, ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) deserves special consideration as it is associated with delayed graft function, acute rejection, and premature transplant loss. Adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs) possess specific characteristics that could help prevent, reduce, or reverse IRI. 
  • 503
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Kidney Transplantation during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Israel
Kidney transplant recipients may be at a high risk of developing critical COVID-19 illness due to chronic immunosuppression and comorbidities. Kidney donors were scrutinized for prevention of disease transmission to the donor and exposure of the operating room and surgical ward staff.
  • 503
  • 25 Nov 2021
Topic Review
The Applications of Colonic Transendoscopic Enteral Tubing
The limitation of traditional delivery methods for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) gave birth to colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) to address the requirement of frequent FMTs. Colonic TET as a novel endoscopic intervention has received increasing attention in practice since 2015 in China. Emerging studies from multiple centers indicate that colonic TET is a promising, safe, and practical delivery method for microbial therapy and administering medication with high patient satisfaction.
  • 495
  • 06 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory and immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS), commonly affecting young adults and potentially associated with life-long disability. About 14 disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) are currently approved for the treatment of MS. Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (AHSCT) is a highly efficacious and relatively safe therapeutic option for the treatment of highly active MS. Particularly, over recent years, the amount of evidence has grown, with significant improvements in the development of patient selection criteria, choice of the most suitable transplant technique and clinical experience.
  • 486
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA
Solid organ transplant (SOT) is an effective therapy for end-stage diseases and organ failures, which is a lifesaving, transformational and restorative procedure for improving the quality and longevity of life. SOT relies on the effective surveillance of graft which includes serial laboratory testing and biopsies. The immune system acts on all foreign particles that enter the body and produces antibodies in response. Similarly, when an organ is transplanted, the immune system recognizes it and acts against it, consequently destroying the perceived foreign cells in the form of the transplanted organ. Due to the huge gap between the need and availability of organs, one cannot risk an organ failure after a transplant, owing merely to the immune response. To overcome this several measures are taken at each step, right from the beginning where the best suitable match for the organ is searched for, succeeded by the advanced medications and immunotherapy given to the recipients in order to suppress the immune response, until the enhanced post-transplant patient care. Post-transplant recipients are kept under surveillance and strict regimes to avoid any complications that may lead to either damage or rejection of the transplanted organ. Around 7% of renal transplants fail after a year, 17% fail after 3 years, and 46% fail after 10 years. Among heart transplants, about 10% of the transplants fail in one year and 30% in 5 years. Similarly, among liver transplant recipients around 20% of failures are reported in 1 year and 30% of failures in 5 years, thereby making graft rejection a pertinent obstacle in transplantation.
  • 483
  • 07 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Kidney Transplantation
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes for increased morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment option for CKD G5. Improved perioperative and postoperative care, personalized immunosuppressive regimes, and refined matching procedures of kidney transplants improves cardiovascular health in the early posttransplant period. However, the long-term burden of CVD is considerable.
  • 476
  • 20 May 2022
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