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Topic Review
Biofeedback in Patellofemoral Pain Conservative Treatment
atellofemoral pain syndrome is typical of active young adults, manifesting as retro patellar or peripatellar pain. It usually begins slowly and progresses with a gradual increase in pain. Often atraumatic, it has been linked to increased weight bearing on the patellofemoral joint.
  • 94
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Biological Properties of Flavonoids
It has been reported that nutritional phytochemicals present in fruits, vegetables and cereals, such as flavonoid polyphenolic compounds, can improve bone mineral density by several mechanisms, in addition to having beneficial effects on bone homeostasis and health. In addition to their nutritional properties, flavonoids may have applicability in the manufacture of polymers and can be used as stabilizing agents for biopolyesters, such as polylactide (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), which have been widely used in tissue engineering for membranes and scaffolds.
  • 3.3K
  • 11 May 2022
Topic Review
Biomarkers in Synovial Fluid
The levels of some biomarkers in serum are not increased in low-grade virulence infections, even though they are included in the ICM diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of PJI (Periprosthetic joint infection). 
  • 427
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Biomaterial-Mediated Gene Therapy in Cartilage Repair
Articular cartilage defects caused by various reasons are relatively common in clinical practice, but the lack of efficient therapeutic methods remains a substantial challenge due to limitations in the chondrocytes’ repair abilities. In the search for scientific cartilage repair methods, gene therapy appears to be more effective and promising, especially with acellular biomaterial-assisted procedures. Biomaterial-mediated gene therapy has mainly been divided into non-viral vector and viral vector strategies, where the controlled delivery of gene vectors is contained using biocompatible materials. Genetic therapy, on the other hand, aims to transfer exogenous genes into target cells in order to induce endogenous gene expression to complete treatment. It has been extensively used in cartilage repair. Genetic editing is used to promote stable expressions of various growth factors for osteochondral regeneration. Meanwhile, biomaterial mediation could further localize the effect of genetic therapy by providing a scaffold to limit the genetically modified cells and vectors to within the targeted region; this increases the precision of the treatment, and makes it an ideal approach for treating osteochondral injuries.
  • 286
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Biomaterials for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology
The principal features essential for the success of an orthopaedic implant are its shape, dimensional accuracy, and adequate mechanical properties. Unlike other manufactured products, chemical stability and toxicity are of increased importance due to the need for biocompatibility over an implants life which could span several years. Thus, the combination of mechanical and biological properties determines the clinical usefulness of biomaterials in orthopaedic and musculoskeletal trauma surgery. Materials commonly used for these applications include stainless steel, cobalt-chromium and titanium alloys, ceramics, polyethylene, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement.
  • 409
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Biophysical Stimulation in Athletes’ Joint Degeneration
Biophysical stimulation is a non-invasive therapy currently employed in orthopaedics and traumatology practice to enhance the reparative abilities of the musculoskeletal system. Biophysical stimulation refers to the application of physical energy to a biological system to increase and facilitate tissue regeneration and anabolic activity.
  • 544
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Biopsy Techniques for Musculoskeletal Tumors
Biopsy is a pivotal component in the diagnostic process of bone and soft tissue tumors. The objective is to obtain adequate tissue without compromising local tumor dissemination and the patient’s survival.
  • 182
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Bioregenerative Therapies in Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular disease in adults, and it affects around 250 million people all over the world, with high prevalence of asymptomatic patients. In addition, pain associated with this pathology is one of the main causes of disability worldwide. OA is subcategorized into primary (idiopathic) and secondary. The most common causes of secondary OA are post-traumatic, dysplastic, infectious, and inflammatory processes. Moreover, articular cartilage injuries may lead to the early onset of OA and have a huge negative impact on patients’ function and life quality.
  • 383
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Bone Infarcts and Tumorigenesis
Bone infarct, also known as aseptic or avascular necrosis of the bone (AVN), is characterized by osteocytes and bone marrow element death that results from inadequate blood supply, which causes local ischemia.
  • 504
  • 02 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate
Human bone marrow (BM) has been highlighted as a promising source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) containing various growth factors and cytokines that can be potentially utilized in regenerative procedures involving cartilage and bone.
  • 555
  • 15 Feb 2022
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