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Topic Review
Lysinuric Protein Intolerance in Pregnancy
Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM), classified as an inherited aminoaciduria, caused by mutations in the SLC7A7 gene, leading to a defective cationic amino acid transport. The metabolic adaptations to the demands of pregnancy and delivery cause significant physiological stress, so those patients affected by IEM are at greater risk of decompensation.
  • 308
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers Tied to UVA Exposure and Melanoma
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (CFIDS) is considered to be a multidimensional illness whose etiology is unknown. However, reports from Chernobyl, as well as those from the United States, have revealed an association between radiation exposure and the development of CFIDS.
  • 310
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Mechanical Heart Valve Patients with Intracranial Hemorrhage
The management of an intracranial hemorrhage in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy presents a significant challenge for medical professionals. Anticoagulant treatment is intended to prevent blood clotting, but it can worsen active brain bleeds. Despite this risk, avoiding the prothrombotic state caused by mechanical heart valves remains crucial. 
  • 307
  • 17 May 2023
Topic Review
Statin Intolerance
Statins are the cornerstone of lipid-lowering therapies effective for cardiovascular risk reduction. Although they are generally well tolerated, statin intolerance (SI) is frequent in clinical practice, and it is usually related to the onset of muscle symptoms, which are defined under the acronym SAMS (Statin-Associated Muscle Side Effects). These side effects are responsible for statin treatment discontinuation that results in increased cardiovascular risk. 
  • 299
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
mPR-Mediated Signaling with Other Steroid Signaling Pathways
Progesterone (PRG) is a key cyclical reproductive hormone that has a significant impact on female organs in vertebrates. It is mainly produced by the corpus luteum of the ovaries, but can also be generated from other sources such as the adrenal cortex, Leydig cells of the testes and neuronal and glial cells. PRG has wide-ranging physiological effects, including impacts on metabolic systems, central nervous systems and reproductive systems in both genders. It was first purified as an ovarian steroid with hormonal function for pregnancy, and is known to play a role in pro-gestational proliferation during pregnancy.
  • 298
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Neuro-Inflammaging and Psychopatological Distress
Inflammaging is a low degree of chronic and systemic tissue inflammation associated with aging, and is intimately linked to pro-inflammatory mediators. These substances are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and related psychopathological symptoms. Aging and inflammation have been defined in their interplay since the 1991 New York Academy of Sciences conference by a group of researchers. It ihas been suggested that  biological, chemical, and physics damage led to a chronic inflammatory process. The link between the molecular and cellular balance capable of permitting a physiological healthy aging or a cognitive impairment is still unclear. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the inflammatory processes, usually reduced at advanced ages. In the elderly, senescent microglia augment the production of proinflammatory mediators with reduced chemotaxis and phagocytosis capacities, particularly of amyloid-β fibrils. The raised systemic inflammatory state and peripheral immunosenescence interfere with neuronal immune cell activity and reactivity.
  • 298
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Endothelial Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation
Vascular diseases of the elderly are a topic of enormous interest in clinical practice, as they have great epidemiological significance and lead to ever-increasing healthcare expenditures. The mechanisms underlying these pathologies have been increasingly characterized. It has emerged that endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation play a diriment role among the most relevant pathophysiological mechanisms. As one can easily imagine, various processes occur during aging, and several pathways undergo irreversible alterations that can promote the decline and aberrations that trigger the diseases above. Endothelial dysfunction and aging of circulating and resident cells are the main characteristics of the aged organism; they represent the framework within which an enormous array of molecular abnormalities occur and contribute to accelerating and perpetuating the decline of organs and tissues.
  • 297
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
The Metabolomics
Metabolomics is a combined set of strategies to identify and quantify cellular metabolites using advanced analytical tools. This is typically achieved through the use of liquid or gas chromatography, which allows for the detection of individual metabolites through their specific mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and their fragmentation in a mass spectrometer. By matching detected metabolites against databases of known metabolites, it is possible to identify the specific metabolites altered by exercise in a biological sample.
  • 297
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
sST2 in Acute Heart Failure and COVID-19 Infection
As a member of the interleukin-1 receptor superfamily, the protein ST2 (alternative name for “interleukin-1 receptor-like 1”) presents with a transmembrane (ST2L) and soluble (sST2) isoforms. Since the discovery of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in 2005 as the ST2L ligand, the molecule has been deeply considered in inflammatory conditions, fibroproliferative diseases, autoimmune diseases, trauma, sepsis, and most recently and significantly in pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. 
  • 296
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Pathogenesis and Histopathology of Albuminuric and Non-Albuminuric DKD
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication that develops in approximately 40% of patients with diabetes. It is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetics not only due to ESRD but also because of the resulting cardiovascular risk.
  • 296
  • 18 May 2023
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