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Topic Review
Treatment of Preterm Infants at Border of Viability
Decision-making at the border of viability remains challenging for the expectant parents and the medical team. The preterm infant is dependent on others making the decision that will impact them for a lifetime in hopefully their best interest. Besides survival and survival without neurodevelopmental impairment, other relevant outcome measures, such as the quality of life of former preterm infants and the impact on family life, need to be integrated into prenatal counselling.
  • 371
  • 17 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Biomarkers of Inflammation for Management of Diabetes
Virus infection, inflammation and genetic factors are important factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factors that bind the enhancer of the κ light chain gene of B cell immunoglobulin. NF-κB plays an essential role in the activation and development of B cells, and the activation of NF-κB is critical in the inflammation and development of diabetes mellitus. Recently, immunoglobulin-free light chain (FLC) λ was found to be increased in the sera of patients with diabetes mellitus, and the FLC λ and κ/λ ratios are more specific and sensitive markers for the diagnosis of diabetes relative to glycated hemoglobin A1c. Thus, FLCs may be promising biomarkers of inflammation that could relate to the activation of NF-κB. 
  • 332
  • 17 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Medicinal Natural Products of Cannabis sativa Linn
Cannabis sativa L. is known for its medicinal uses since ancient times, because of its rich supply of phytochemicals, hence the quest for harnessing its pharmacological potential by scientists. The term “Cannabis” is used to define the products (drugs and essential oils) that are prepared or obtained from the annual herb C. sativa and its variants, which are of the family Cannabaceae. C. sativa has been used for the treatment of rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, skin burns, pain, the management of sexually transmitted diseases, difficulties during child labor, postpartum hemorrhage, and gastrointestinal activity.
  • 835
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Role of Annexin A1 in the Kidney
Renal disorders are very prevalent and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Among diverse pathogenic mechanisms, the dysregulation of immune and inflammatory responses plays an essential role in such disorders. Consequently, the discovery of Annexin A1, as a glucocorticoid-inducible anti-inflammatory protein, has fueled investigation of its role in kidney pathologies. Thus, its role has been examined in diverse renal pathologies, including acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, immune-mediated nephropathy, drug-induced kidney injury, kidney stone formation, and renal cancer.
  • 490
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
BCG Vaccination
BCG vaccine has been used for 100 years to prevent tuberculosis. Not all countries, including the United States, adopted the initial World Health Organization recommendation to use BCG. Moreover, many Western countries that had routinely used BCG have discontinued its use.
  • 361
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Therapeutic Options for Systemic Sclerosis
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe auto-immune, rheumatic disease, characterized by excessive fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. SSc is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates, and unfortunately, few disease-modifying therapies are currently available. Inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis are the key hallmarks of SSc pathology. There are current and novel treatment options in diminishing SSc-related fibrosis based on selected clinical trials. 
  • 469
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Biomarkers during COVID-19
As the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 19) pandemic spreads worldwide, the massive numbers of COVID-19 patients have created a considerable healthcare burden for every country. The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection is broad, ranging from asymptomatic to mild, moderate, severe, and critical. Most COVID-19 patients present with no or mild symptoms, but nearly one-fifth of all patients develop severe or life-threatening complications. In addition to localized respiratory manifestations, severe COVID-19 cases also show extra-pulmonary complications or induce multiorgan failure. Identifying, triaging, and treating patients at risk early is essential and urgent. Biomarkers are measurable biochemical substances used to recognize and indicate disease severity or response to therapeutic interventions. The information they provide is objective and suitable for delivering healthcare providers with a means of stratifying disease state in COVID-19 patients. 
  • 406
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Cationic Liposomes
Cationic liposomes (CLs) are assemblies of lipids with an overall cationic (positive) charge that is contributed by the sum of the charges of the lipid headgroups. In particular, they are spherical bilayer assemblies of cationic lipids or a mixture of neutral and cationic lipids. CLs effective carriers of a variety of therapeutics.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 and Postural Control
Subjects who had experienced olfactory dysfunction or respiratory distress during COVID-19 demonstrate symptoms of balance deficits after COVID-19 recovery, and the analysis using rambling-trembling decomposition method might point at less efficient peripheral control. Monitoring for neurological sequelae of COVID-19 should be considered. 
  • 389
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
End-of-Life Care for Patients with Advanced COPD
Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may lead to a rapid decline in health and subsequent death, an unfortunate tyranny of having COPD—an irreversible health condition of 16 million individuals in the USA totaling 60 million in the world. While COPD is the third largest leading cause of death, causing 3.23 million deaths worldwide in 2019 (according to the WHO), most patients with COPD do not receive adequate treatment at the end stages of life. Although death is inevitable, the trajectory towards end-of-life is less predictable in severe COPD. Thus, clinician-patient discussion for end-of-life and palliative care could bring a meaningful life-prospective to patients with advanced COPD. 
  • 428
  • 21 Feb 2022
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