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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Approach for Molecular Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) represent some of the most challenging complications whose incidence will consequently rise in proportion to surgeries. The manifestation and evaluation of physical findings such as acute local inflammation, fever, and wound drainage, may correlate to the presence of PJIs; indeed, these clinical manifestation are of great value in raising the suspicion of PJIs. 
  • 360
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Hypermagnesemia is a relatively uncommon but potentially life-threatening electrolyte disturbance characterized by elevated magnesium concentrations in the blood. Magnesium is a crucial mineral involved in various physiological functions, such as neuromuscular conduction, cardiac excitability, vasomotor tone, insulin metabolism, and muscular contraction. Prompt identification and management of hypermagnesemia are crucial to prevent complications, such as respiratory and cardiovascular negative outcomes, neuromuscular dysfunction, and coma. Preventing hypermagnesemia is crucial, particularly in high-risk populations, such as patients with impaired renal function or those receiving magnesium-containing medications or supplements. 
  • 357
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Patient-Derived Cancer Models and Next-Generation Living Biobanks
Biobanks provide a platform for innovative biomedical research. Recent scientific advances in cryopreservation have enabled the prospect of establishing “living biobanks” that store viable, functional tissue or replicable cell types for years to decades.
  • 350
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Diagnostics of HNSCC Patients
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are very frequent worldwide, and smoking and chronic alcohol use are recognized as the main risk factors. For oropharyngeal cancers, HPV 16 infection is known to be a risk factor as well. By employing next-generation sequencing, both HPV-positive and negative HNSCC patients were detected as positive for PI3K mutation, which was considered an optimal molecular target. The treatment of HNSCC includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy alone or combined. In some cases, resistance to therapy with recurrences and metastasis and/or side effects appear. This underlines the need for a new direction of research for targeted cancer therapy.
  • 346
  • 17 May 2022
Topic Review
Hybrid Near Infrared Imaging Method
This is an efficient near-infrared (NIR) imaging method used to monitor VHH and VHH conjugated nanoparticle kinetics in mice using a hybrid approach: kinetics in blood were assessed by direct sampling, and kinetics in kidney, liver, and brain were assessed by serial in vivo NIR imaging. These studies were performed under “basal” circumstances in which the VHH constructs and VHH-conjugated nanoparticles do not substantially interact with targets nor cross the blood brain barrier. 
  • 338
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Static and Dynamic Redox State-Related Parameters
Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant molecules, which is usually associated with oxidative damage to biomolecules and mitochondrial malfunction. Redox state-related parameters include (1) the direct measurement of ROS, (2) the assessment of the antioxidant defense status, and (3) the analysis of the resulting oxidative damage to molecules. Directly measuring ROS appears to be the preferred method among scientists, but most ROS are extremely unstable and difficult to measure. The processes of determining both the oxidative damage to biomolecules and the antioxidant system status, although both are indirect approaches, provide a reliable method to measure oxidative stress on a given sample. Recently, the Seahorse XF and the Oroboros O2k systems have provided new insights into the redox state from a more dynamic point of view. These techniques assess mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function and bioenergetics on isolated mitochondria, cultured cells, or specific tissues such as permeabilized fibers.
  • 331
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Intestinal Microbiota in Personalized Medicine
The microbiota is like a unique personalized “mold” for each person; it differs quantitatively and qualitatively for the microorganisms it contains together with the relationship between them, and it changes over time and under the influence of many factors.
  • 329
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols in Neurodegenerative Diseases
It has been shown that polyphenols in various natural sources can provide curative effects against various brain diseases and disorders through neuroprotective effects. These neuroprotective effects are mainly attributed to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, remove reactive oxygen species, and cause chelation of metal ions. Polyphenols increase the concentration of neurotrophic factors and bind directly to the membrane receptors of these neurotrophic factors to modulate and activate the signaling cascades that allow the plasticity, survival, proliferation, and growth of neuronal cells, allowing better learning, memory, and cognition. Furthermore, polyphenols do not have serious adverse side effects from their consumption.
  • 303
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Circulating Tumor Cells in Point-of-Care Settings
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells that have been shed from tumors and circulate in the bloodstream. These cells can also be responsible for further metastases and the spread of cancer. Taking a closer look and analyzing CTCs through what has come to be known as “liquid biopsy” has immense potential to further researchers’ understanding of cancer biology.
  • 295
  • 17 May 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Here describes various aspects of beta-lactams use in the critical care, focusing on clinical antibiotic stewardship in the ICU. Pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) characteristics of beta-lactams are described and main factors of PK/PD variability in critically ill patients. Toxicity of beta-lactams, a frequently overlooked issue, is outlined. Analytical methods used in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of beta-lactams are discussed. The evidence supporting antibiotic guidance based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in critically ill patients is analysed.
  • 282
  • 19 Jun 2023
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