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Topic Review
Income Disparity between Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Households
The income disparity between agricultural and non-agricultural households has been increasing in many countries. Studies in the labor economics literature often link population aging and underemployment to low labor participation and productivity, fewer savings, and greater financial pressure on households. 
  • 569
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Primary Gastrointestinal T-Cell Lymphoma and Indolent Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Primary gastrointestinal (GI) T-cell neoplasms are extremely rare heterogeneous disease entities with distinct clinicopathologic features. Given the different prognoses of various disease subtypes, clinicians and pathologists must be aware of the key characteristics of these neoplasms, despite their rarity.
  • 357
  • 06 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity for Successful Aging
Physical activity among older adults has multiple benefits but is first essential to determine the recommended activity. Physical activity may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms, including the reduced formation of ROS and the accelerated production of DNA-repairing enzymes and antioxidant proteins; furthermore, it can moderate oxidative stress by decreasing TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. There is conflicting evidence on the effect of physical activity and hormone levels, depending on the kind and length of activity, which can increase the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone, but there is no clear evidence.
  • 558
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Aβ-Peptide Production and Conformational Behavior
Alzheimer’s disease  (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease in the world. Genetic evidence strongly suggests that aberrant generation, aggregation, and/or clearance of neurotoxic amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) triggers the disease. Aβ accumulates at the points of contact of neurons in ordered cords and fibrils, forming the so-called senile plaques. Aβ isoforms of different lengths are found in healthy human brains regardless of age and appear to play a role in signaling pathways in the brain and to have neuroprotective properties at low concentrations. This entry describes molecular mechanisms of amyloid-β precursor protein processing in AD.
  • 663
  • 11 Oct 2021
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