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Topic Review
Value Co-Creation in Digital Innovation Ecosystems
The innovation ecosystem guides the transition from individual value creation to multi-actor value co-creation by coordinating the interests of multiple parties for cross-border cooperation and enhancing the efficiency of technological innovation and resource integration in the system.
  • 386
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare malignancy, occurring in 5–10% of patients diagnosed with UC, and involves the renal pelvis, calyces, or ureters. UTUC can be sporadic or hereditary as a clinical manifestation of Lynch syndrome. Therapeutic management of these patients is challenging. Following risk stratification of localized disease, patients with low-grade UTUC may undergo kidney-sparing surgery or radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and/or chemoablation with mitomycin-c instillation to reduce recurrence.
  • 250
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Trust Computation in Internet of Vehicles
The current trust computation scheme in Internet of Vehicles, according to the adopted decision logic, can be divided into different approaches based on multi-weight fusion, Bayesian inference (BI), the Dempster–Shafer (D-S) theory, fuzzy logic, and three-valued subjective logic (3VSL), etc.
  • 231
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Token Ring
Token Ring is a computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that travels around a logical ring of workstations or servers. This token passing is a channel access method providing fair access for all stations, and eliminating the collisions of contention-based access methods. There were several other earlier implementations of token-passing networks. Token Ring was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. It was a successful technology, particularly in corporate environments, but was gradually eclipsed by the later versions of Ethernet.
  • 565
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Timeline of Operating Systems
This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the History of operating systems.
  • 4.3K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Timeline of Open-Source Software
This article presents a timeline of events related to popular free/open-source software. For a narrative explaining the overall development, see the related history of free and open-source software. The Achievements column documents achievements a project attained at some point in time (not necessarily when it was first released).
  • 294
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Timeline of DOS Operating Systems
This article presents a timeline of events in the history of 16-bit x86 DOS-family disk operating systems from 1980 to present. Non-x86 operating systems named "DOS" are not part of the scope of this timeline. Also presented is a timeline of events in the history of the 8-bit 8080-based and 16-bit x86-based CP/M operating systems from 1974 to 2014, as well as the hardware and software developments from 1973 to 1995 which formed the foundation for the initial version and subsequent enhanced versions of these operating systems.
  • 798
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Timeline of Computing 2000–09
This article presents a detailed timeline of events in the history of computing from 2000 to 2009. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the History of computing.
  • 184
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Timeline of Computing 1990–99
This article presents a detailed timeline of events in the history of computing from 1990 to 1999. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the History of computing.
  • 274
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Timeline of Computing 1980–89
This article presents a detailed timeline of events in the history of computing from 1980 to 1989. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the History of computing.
  • 414
  • 17 Oct 2022
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