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Topic Review
Routing in the Data Center
To have adequate routing and forwarding, it is imperative to fully exploit the topological characteristics of fat trees. Some basic requirements should be satisfied: forwarding loops avoidance, rapid failure detection, efficient network utilization (e.g., spanning-tree solutions are not acceptable), routing scalability (in addition to physical scalability). In principle, being the data center a single administrative domain, the candidates to fulfill the routing role are popular link-state IGPs. However, as they have been designed for arbitrary topologies, the flood of link-state advertisements may suffer from scalability issues. Therefore, the possible solutions should entail reducing the message flooding, exploiting the topology knowledge, or using other routing algorithms. In this regard, the following routing protocols will be considered in this work: BGP with a specific configuration for the data center, link-state algorithms with flooding reduction, and ongoing Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) efforts, namely Routing in Fat Trees (RIFT) and Link State Vector Routing (LSVR), which are leveraging link-state and distance-vector advantages to design specific routing algorithms for data centers.This entry only consider distributed control plane solutions, i.e., routing protocols. Consequently, logically centralized Software-Defined Networking (SDN) solutions are not analyzed.
  • 664
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Databases in Metabolomics
Metabolomics has advanced from innovation and functional genomics tools and is currently a basis in the big data-led precision medicine era. Metabolomics is promising in the pharmaceutical field and clinical research.
  • 653
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Digital Twin Applications
Industrial Digital Twin (IDT) systems integrate physical and virtual data throughout a product life cycle.
  • 607
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Proxy Mobile IPv6/Auxiliary Advertisement of Neighbor Detection
The technique PMIPv6/AAND (Proxy Mobile IPv6/Auxiliary Advertisement of Neighbor Detection) would introduce a novel Multiple Virtual Interface (MVI) technique in PMIPv6 to enable multi-homing. The technique supports effective inter-technology handover and solves the LL-ID swapping problem. Additional flag fields, auxiliary advertisement of neighbor detection (AAND)) fields, i.e., ‘D’ and ‘R’ are displayed in PMIPv6 message format. The new technique is known as PMIPv6/AAND, adapted from F-PMIPv6.
  • 523
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Safety and Security Issues in the IoT Domain
The Internet of Things (IoT), which is developing quickly, has continued to provide humanity with many advantages, including many applications crucial for security and safety. The assurance that IoT devices will not pose a risk to people or the environment is necessary to realise the full potential of IoT applications, particularly in high-consequence areas. To develop safe, secure, and dependable IoT systems, it is necessary to comprehend a wide range of safety and security issues across the IoT's architectural frameworks and levels. As a result, among other attributes of dependable IoT systems, this research outlines safety and security features.
  • 504
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Wearable Travel Aids for Blind/Partially Sighted People
The ability to travel (independently) is very important for participation in education, work, leisure activities, and all other aspects of modern life. Blind and partially sighted people experience a number of barriers to travel, including inaccessible information and environments, and consequently require support from technology or other people to overcome them. 
  • 492
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Power Supply for Wearables with Task Offloading Capabilities
Task-offloading approaches can be efficiently combined with energy harvesting to address the issue of insufficient battery capacity and limited computation resources in IoMT devices and consequently increase the operating time of wearable devices. This is referred to as joint energy harvesting and task offloading. Using this technology, users can extract energy, convert it into useful energy, store it in the appropriate energy-storage device, and use that energy to perform the corresponding local computing and offloading tasks.
  • 474
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Agricultural Internet of Things Ecosystem
The negative impacts of climate change and the increasing global population on food security and unemployment threats have motivated the adoption of the wireless sensor network (WSN)-based Agri-IoT as an indispensable underlying technology in precision agriculture and greenhouses to improve food production capacities and quality.
  • 462
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Optimal Design of Neural Networks Based on FPGA
Deep learning based on neural network has been widely used in image recognition, speech recognition, natural language processing, automatic driving and other fields, and has made breakthrough progress. FPGA stands out in the field of accelerated deep learning with its flexible architecture and logical unit, high energy efficiency ratio, strong compatibility, low delay and other advantages.
  • 439
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Blockchain–Cloud Integration
Blockchain is a new and emergent technology that is expected to change the way current markets work. It is a distributed digital ledger and is decentralized. With the current working capacity of blockchain, it has the potential to be the operating system of smart cities. Blockchain is technology that is open source and distributed and is used to record transactions between parties. It provides a way to develop a system that is both verifiable and secured. Blockchain is open source, so different versions of blockchain are available on the market. Each version is developed depending upon the different needs of the various industries. Blockchain is neither owned nor singly controlled by any one authority. Blockchain technology is evolving at a swift pace. It started with Bitcoin, and now there are many types of blockchain. Organizations are developing different versions of blockchain depending upon their need and benefits.
  • 430
  • 21 Jul 2022
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