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Topic Review
Transition from Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0
In the era of Industry 4.0, manufacturing and production systems were revolutionized by increasing operational efficiency and developing and implementing new business models, services, and products. Several countries have begun orchestrating initiatives towards the design and development of the human-centric aspect of technologies, systems, and services, which has been coined as Industry 5.0. The impact of Industry 5.0 will extend to societal transformation, which eventually leads to the generation of a new society, the Society 5.0.
  • 5.3K
  • 07 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Tracing Path from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0
Industry 4.0 is a recent trend representing the vision for the integration of information, objects and people in cyber-physical scenarios in order to transform factories into intelligent environments. Although this transition is still ongoing, the corresponding vision of Industry 5.0 has already emerged. Industry 5.0 aims to bring the human factor back into the production system, with the collaborative work paradigm of human–robot collaboration (HRC) at its core. 
  • 295
  • 07 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Tool Condition Monitoring of Cutting Capability by Thermography
A Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM) system is presented that automatically classifies tool wear of turning tools into four classes. A cutting tool was monitored with infrared (IR) camera immediately after the cut and in the following 60 s. The Convolutional Neural Network Inception V3 was used to analyse and classify the thermographic images, which were divided into different groups depending on the time of acquisition. Based on classification result, one gets information about the cutting capability of the tool for further machining.
  • 323
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Tissue Nanotransfection Chips for In Vivo Tissue Reprogramming
Tissue nanotransfection (TNT), a cutting-edge technique of in vivo gene therapy, has gained substantial attention in various applications ranging from in vivo tissue reprogramming in regenerative medicine, and wound healing to cancer treatment. This technique harnesses the advancements in the semiconductor processes, facilitating the integration of conventional transdermal gene delivery methods—nanoelectroporation and microneedle technologies. TNT silicon chips have demonstrated considerable promise in reprogramming fibroblast cells of skin in vivo into vascular or neural cells in preclinical studies to assist in the recovery of injured limbs and damaged brain tissue.
  • 112
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Thermoplastics and Photopolymer Desktop 3D Printers
With the advancement of additive manufacturing technologies in their material processing methodologies and variety of material selection, 3D printers are widely used in both academics and industries for various applications. It is no longer rare to have a portable and small desktop 3D printer and manufacture your own designs in a few hours. Desktop 3D printers vary in their functions, prices, materials used, and applications. Among many desktop 3D printers with various features, it is often challenging to select the best one for target applications and usages. In this paper, commercially available and carefully selected thermoplastic and photopolymer desktop 3D printers are introduced, and some representative models’ specifications and performances are compared with each other for user selection with respect to instructional applications.
  • 575
  • 06 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Thermomechanical Modeling of the WAAM Process
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) process that uses an electric arc welding technique with a wire feeding process and provides a high deposition rate. Previous investigations showed that the method is carried out using a layer-by-layer approach to build the part, and the corresponding heat input influences the mechanical properties of WAAM products. 
  • 487
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Thermoelectric-Erosion Based Turning Processes
Nowadays, advanced turning processes such as Thermoelectric erosion turning (TET) and wire-assisted thermoelectric erosion turning (WTET) are extensively being adopted to perform different types of turning operations such as straight turning, taper turning on Hastelloy, Nimonic, and Inconel, stainless steel, and tool steel to fabricate better quality cylindrical and rotating parts such as miniature-bars, miniature-pins, miniature-electrodes, and miniature-tools. 
  • 466
  • 08 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Thermoelasticity of Injection-Molded Parts
In the realm of injection-molded parts, small length scale deformation defects such as sink marks often pose a major challenge to the aesthetics or functionality of the parts.
  • 170
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Thermochemical Approaches to Produce Bio-Oils for Epoxy Resins
Bio-oils are produced from biomass using three main processing techniques, namely (i) organic solvent liquefaction, which involves the utilization of organic solvents at relatively low temperatures to liquefy biomass; (ii) fast pyrolysis, which involves the liquefaction of biomass at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen and a solvent; and (iii) hydrothermal liquefaction, which breaks down biomass in water at elevated pressures and temperatures. It is noteworthy that even though the products from the abovementioned three liquefaction processes are all called bio-oil, the properties of these bio-oils, such as hydroxyl number, chemical composition, and molecular weight, differ greatly. Therefore, the final physical properties of bio-oil-based epoxy resins depend on the processing conditions used for the corresponding bio-oils.
  • 248
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Thermal Analysis to 3D Printing
Thermal analysis (TA) comprises various measuring techniques with a common feature: the measure of the material response when heated or cooled (or, in some cases, held isothermally).
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2022
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