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Topic Review
The Evolving Nature of Thermal Conversion Process
The environment today is confronted by an unending cascade of global anthropogenic and ecosystem-based challenges. Biomass is considered to have the potential to be utilized as an alternative energy source. The conversion of the high carbon content of biomass through thermochemical treatment resulted in better fuel properties of biochar production. Understanding the underlying thermal conversion process principles alongside the associated/exhibited operational challenges that are specific to biomass types is crucial for beginners.
  • 217
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Dye-Wastewater Valorization Using Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors
Dye-containing effluent generated in textile industries is polluting and complex wastewater. It should be managed adequately before its final destination. The up-flow anaerobic blanket (UASB) reactor application is an ecofriendly and cost-competitive treatment. 
  • 214
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in Mining Waste
Mining waste represents a global issue due to its potential of generating acidic or alkaline leachate with high concentrations of metals and metalloids (metal(loid)s). Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an engineering tool used for remediation. MICP, induced via biological activity, aims to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or co-precipitate other metal carbonates (MCO3). MICP is a bio-geochemical remediation method that aims to immobilize or remove metal(loid)s via enzyme, redox, or photosynthetic metabolic pathways. Contaminants are removed directly through immobilization as mineral precipitates (CaCO3 or MCO3), or indirectly (via sorption, complexes, or inclusion into the crystal structure). Further, CaCO3 precipitates deposited on the surface or within the pore spaces of a solid matrix create a clogging effect to reduce contaminant leachate. Experimental research on MICP has shown its promise as a bioremediation technique for mining waste. 
  • 211
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Multi-Criteria Decision-Making in Sustainable Development
Achieving sustainability, particularly in cleaner production, demands a multifaceted decision-making process influenced by numerous subjective criteria. Effective management is pivotal in shaping sustainable development worldwide, necessitating the selection, development, and evaluation of project managers with the requisite skills. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) provides a systematic framework for evaluating alternatives based on multiple criteria, a necessity in today’s intricate decision-making. The research exploration focuses on two notable MCDM methods: the SWARA and the ARAS. These methods enable decision-makers to handle subjective criteria comprehensively.
  • 204
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Critical Risk Factors of Implementing Public–Private Partnership Projects
Due to the fact that risks can cause project delays and increase project implementation costs, successful construction project completion requires effective and holistic risk management. Identification and evaluation of critical risk factors (CRFs) associated with different types of projects are the most significant components of accurate risk management.
  • 198
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Electromagnetic Fields Exposure
In different situations, electromagnetic fields (EMF) are consumed every day in several sociable purposes. Additionally, they are employed securely in medical treatments. Conversely, when these fields are operated inadvertently, it can crop unfavorable outcomes. These consequences are intimately linked to the type of the EMF and the exposed substance. The strength of the field as well as its frequency typify EMF, whereas the physical and geometric properties describe matter.
  • 196
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Wind Turbines Operating under Hazard Environmental Conditions
Renewable energy use has accelerated due to global warming, depleting fossil fuel reserves, and stricter environmental regulations. Among renewable options, solar and wind energy have shown economic viability and global growth. Horizontal axis wind turbines offer promising solutions for sustainable energy demand. Since wind turbines operate in an open environment, their efficiency depends on environmental conditions. Hazard environmental conditions, such as icing, rainfall, hailstorms, dust or sand, insects’ collisions, increased humidity, and sea spray, result in degraded aerodynamic characteristics.
  • 174
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Sugarcane Supply Chain in the Brazilian Midwest Region
The sugarcane supply chain is one of the main contributors to economic development in many countries. However, it is necessary to consider the relationship of this supply chain with the environment in order to reduce/mitigate adverse environmental impacts. Using fertilizers and pesticides and burning crops during harvest severely threaten the sustainability of this supply chain.
  • 172
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Fibre Composite Manufacturing Technologies in Shipyards Industry
Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are one of the most attractive materials for engineering application. In recent times, fibrous composites have become a strong alternative to steel in the construction industry. The general advantages of FRP compared to conventional materials include high durability, cost-effective fabrication, excellent resistance to corrosion, fatigue, and fire, lighter weight, and lower maintenance costs. Owing to their unique properties, FRP composites can be successfully used in the automobile, aerospace, and marine industry, especially for lightweight constructions.
  • 143
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Algae Biomass as Source of Liquid Fuels
Algae biomass is perceived as a prospective source of many types of biofuels, including biogas and biomethane produced in the anaerobic digestion process, ethanol from alcoholic fermentation, biodiesel synthesized from lipid reserve substances, and biohydrogen generated in photobiological transformations. Environmental and economic analyses as well as technological considerations indicate that methane fermentation integrated with bio-oil recovery is one of the most justified directions of energy use of microalgae biomass for energy purposes. A promising direction in the development of bioenergy systems based on the use of microalgae is their integration with waste and pollution neutralization technologies.
  • 139
  • 29 Feb 2024
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