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Topic Review
Energy Accounting for a Renewable Energy Future
For millennia, humans relied almost entirely on renewable energy (RE), largely biomass, for their energy needs. Fossil fuels (FFs) have not only largely replaced RE, but have enabled a many-fold rise in total energy use. This FF dominance changed the way we think about and accounted for energy use. If (as at present) the world essentially continues to ignore climate change, eventual resource depletion will force conversion to RE and, perhaps, nuclear energy will once again have to provide most of the world’s energy use.
  • 271
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Textiles from Unconventional Biomaterials
Various studies have shown that vegan leather alternatives are particularly suitable because they mimic the properties of real leather, and the qualities of the bio-based materials combined with textile substrates are relatively close to real leather. Cactus plants require less water and can completely replace real leather. The use of cactus as a source of sustainable textiles and leather offers numerous environmental benefits. This is due to the fact that harvesting the cactus does not harm the plant or its roots, allowing it to keep growing and sequestering carbon dioxide.
  • 487
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biomaterials in 3D Printing
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, encompasses a wide range of techniques for applications ranging from on-demand production to functional prototypes. 3D printing is mainly used in industrial sectors such as aerospace, automotive, medical, dental, construction, art and fashion. Fossil fuel-based materials, such as plastics and metals, as well as concrete, etc., are widely used to produce 3D-printed products. Innovative 3D technologies using new bio-based renewable materials have shown promising results for everyday applications, opening up new opportunities for sustainable 3D printing in the future.
  • 437
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Hydrothermal Carbonization of Agricultural Biogas Production Process
In agricultural biogas plants, besides biogas, the by-product digestate is also produced. Due to its high moisture content and organic origin, it can successfully be applied in the hydrothermal carbonization process to avoid the fate of landfilling. The type of feedstock and the parameters of the hydrothermal conversion (HTC) process, such as temperature, pressure and residence time, affects the physical and chemical characteristics of hydrochar. Therefore, its possible application might be as a biofuel, fertilizer, soil improver, adsorber, or catalyst. 
  • 448
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Operationalizing SLR Resilience with Leading Indicators
Over the last century, eustatic sea-level rise (SLR) has increased more rapidly than it has at any time over the past three millennia. This rapid change, compounded by additional changes in relative vertical elevation at specific locations due to subsidence and isostatic effects, poses a significant threat to coastal communities. The potential impacts to communities include coastal and inland flooding, salt-water intrusion, and coastal erosion. These risks, which are expected to be exacerbated by continuing and accelerating rates of SLR in the future, have precipitated a need to design and implement adaptation measures to curtail future losses and make communities more resilient
  • 417
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Membrane Bioreactors and Hydrogenotrophic Denitrification
Due to low sludge production and being a clean source without residuals, hydrogen-based autotrophic denitrification appears to be a promising choice for nitrate removal from agricultural drainage waters or water/wastewater with a similar composition. Although the incorporation of hydrogen-based autotrophic denitrification with membrane bioreactors (MBRs) enabled almost 100% utilization of hydrogen, the technology still needs to be improved to better utilize its advantages.
  • 284
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Bio-Swales in Hydrology, Water Quality, and Biodiversity
Bio-swales have gained significant attention as an effective means of stormwater management in urban areas, reducing the burden on conventional rainwater management systems. Bio-swales have the capacity to mitigate flood risk, reduce nonpoint source pollution, and enhance biodiversity. The performance of bio-swales is influenced by factors such as water quality, vegetation characteristics, substrate heterogeneity, and age, as identified by existing research. Nevertheless, critical knowledge gaps remain that need to be addressed in future research.
  • 244
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Internet-of-Things- and Cloud-Based System for Resource Reclamation
IoT-based smart e-waste management is an emerging field that combines technology and environmental sustainability. E-waste is a growing problem worldwide, as discarded electronics can have negative impacts on the environment and public health. E-waste refers to repudiated electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones and other electronic equipment, that are at the verge of their efficacious use.
  • 310
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Microalgae and Photolysis as New Energy Technologies
Because of the near-term risk of extreme weather events and other adverse consequences from climate change and, at least in the longer term, global fossil fuel depletion, there is worldwide interest in shifting to noncarbon energy sources, especially renewable energy (RE). Because of possible limitations on conventional renewable energy sources, researchers have looked for ways of overcoming these shortcomings by introducing radically new energy technologies. The largest RE source is bioenergy, while solar energy and wind energy are regarded as having by far the largest technical potential.
  • 288
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Feasibility of a 100% Global Renewable Energy System
Controversy exists as to whether renewable energy (RE) can provide for all the world’s energy needs. It is found that the energy that could be delivered by these two sources is much less than often assumed, for several reasons: The declining quality of inputs; the need for inclusion of uncounted environmental costs; the need for energy conversion and storage; and the removal of existing fossil fuel energy subsidies.
  • 272
  • 20 Jul 2023
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