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Topic Review
Agronomic Protocols of Organic and Conventional Wheat Production
Agronomic protocols (rotation, tillage, fertilization and crop protection) commonly used in organic and conventional crop production differ significantly and there is evidence that modern varieties developed for conventional high-input farming systems do not have the combination of traits required for optimum performance in organic farming systems.
  • 172
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Air and Particulates in Underground Oil Shale Mine
Particulate matter (PM) in the context of underground mining results from various operations such as rock drilling and blasting, ore loading, hauling, crushing, dumping, and from diesel exhaust gases as well. These operations result in the formation of fine particles that can accumulate in the lungs of mineworkers. The lung deposited surface area (LDSA) concentration is a variant solution to evaluate potential health impacts. 
  • 131
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Analysis Method of Heavy Metals in Organic Fertilizers
Heavy metals in organic fertilizers pose a risk to the agricultural ecosystem. The environmental risk of heavy metals depends not only on the total amount but also on the speciation. Hence, more information on heavy metals speciation in organic fertilizers is needed to avoid adverse effect. The speciation information of heavy metals is usually obtained by the single-extraction method and sequential extraction method. Common heavy metals that have received attention include Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As. 
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Analysis of Hydrocarbons from Waste Plastic
Ecosystem destruction is one of today’s significant challenges due to fast industrialisation and an increasing population. It takes several years for solid trash, such as plastic bottles and super-market bags, to decompose in nature. In addition, plastic disposal techniques such as landfilling, reuse, and incineration pose significant threats to human health and the environment.
  • 546
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Antibiotic Synthesis in Flow Mode
Continuous-flow chemistry has become a mainstream process and a notable trend among emerging technologies for drug synthesis. It is routinely used in academic and industrial laboratories to generate a wide variety of molecules and building blocks. The advantages it provides, in terms of safety, speed, cost efficiency and small-equipment footprint compared to analog batch processes, have been known for some time. What has become even more important is its compliance with the quality objectives that are required by drug-development protocols that integrate inline analysis and purification tools. There can be no doubt that worldwide government agencies have strongly encouraged the study and implementation of this innovative, sustainable and environmentally friendly technology.
  • 404
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Application of Porous Materials for CO2 Reutilization
This entry describes the application of porous materials  in solar thermochemical reduction technologies.
  • 710
  • 30 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Application of the IoT in Disaster Risk Management
Taiwan is in a hazard-exposed area where people often suffer through typhoons, earthquakes, and landslides, and must face the challenges of environmental and climate changes in ongoing and future developments. Taiwan has implemented an integrated and interdisciplinary project, which is titled Civil IoT Taiwan, for better disaster risk management and risk communication with all stakeholders by cooperating closely with authorities, scientists, and industry. 
  • 1.7K
  • 30 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Applications of Electromicrobiology
Electromicrobiology is concerned with the interplay of microbes with electronic equipment and the electrical characteristics of microorganisms. Bioelectrochemical systems are those in which an organism provides electrons. Bioelectrochemical systems are pretty similar to electrochemical methods in their fundamentals. Electrochemical systems generally use electricity to begin a chemical reaction or create power via a chemical reaction.
  • 473
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Wind Turbine Blade Recycling Materials
The rapid growth of the wind energy industry has resulted in a significant increase in Wind Turbine Blade (WTB) waste, posing challenges for recycling due to the composite materials used in their construction. Each recycling technique employs distinct approaches, all to reclaim the valuable fibres in these blades. Mechanical recycling yields resin-rich, fibre-rich, and other qualities of byproducts, while pyrolysis generates fibres, fillers, gas, and oil.
  • 199
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Aquatic Mosses as Adaptable Bio-Filters
Heavy metals (HMs) are released into the environment by many human activities and persist in water even after remediation. The efficient filtration of solubilized HMs is extremely difficult. Phytoremediation appears a convenient tool to remove HMs from polluted water, but it is limited by the choice of plants able to adapt to filtration of polluted water in terms of space and physiological needs. Biomasses are often preferred. Aquatic moss biomasses, thanks to gametophyte characteristics, can act as live filtering material. The potential for phytoremediation of Hypnales aquatic mosses has been poorly investigated compared to aquatic macrophytes. Their potential is usually indicated as a tool for bioindication and environmental monitoring more than for pollutant removal. When phytoremediation has been considered, insufficient attention has been paid to the adaptability of biomasses to different needs. In this study the heavy metal uptake of moss Taxiphyllum barbieri grown in two different light conditions, was tested with high concentrations of elements such as Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, As, and Cr. This moss produces dense mats with few culture needs. The experimental design confirmed the capacity of the moss to accumulate HMs accordingly to their physiology and then demonstrated that a significant proportion of HMs was accumulated within a few hours. In addition to the biosorption effect, an evident contribution of the active simplastic mass can be evidenced. These reports of HM accumulation within short time intervals, show how this moss is particularly suitable as an adaptable bio-filter, representing a new opportunity for water eco-sustainable remediation.
  • 875
  • 31 May 2021
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