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Topic Review
Fabric/Fiber-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), as a green energy harvesting technology, has aroused tremendous interest across many fields, such as wearable electronics, implanted electronic devices, and human-machine interfaces. Fabric and fiber-structured materials are excellent candidates for TENG materials due to their inherent flexibility, low cost, and high wearing comfort. Consequently, it is crucial to combine TENG with fabric/fiber materials to simultaneously leverage their mechanical energy harvesting and wearability advantages.
  • 711
  • 17 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Fabrication Processes of Conductive Textiles
Wearable electronics are gaining popularity as a platform for the next generation of human-friendly electronic devices. Therefore, a new class of devices with various functionality and amenability for the human body is essential. Traditional textile materials, such as fiber, yarn, and fabric, are non-conductive. Innovative methods and novel processing technologies have been introduced to impart conductivity in textile materials to solve this issue. Coating, printing, deposition, and in situ polymerization are common techniques for this purpose. Here, the newly developed methods with significant potential are summarized, which includes their conductivity level in different applications, such as batteries, displays, and sensors.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Flexible Textile-Based Sweat Sensors for Wearable Applications
The physical health care system has gradually evolved into a form of virtual hospitals communicating with sensors, which can not only save time but can also diagnose a patient’s physical condition in real time. Textile-based wearable sensors have recently been identified as detection platforms with high potential. They are developed for the real-time noninvasive detection of human physiological information to comprehensively analyze the health status of the human body. Sweat comprises various chemical compositions, which can be used as biomarkers to reflect the relevant information of the human physiology, thus providing references for health conditions. Combined together, textile-based sweat sensors are more flexible and comfortable than other conventional sensors, making them easily integrated into the wearable field. 
  • 609
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Functionalization of Cotton Fabrics with Nanotechnology
Textiles are commonly used in industries and households. The surface modification of textiles to impart multiple functions has recently gained a lot of attention. Researchers have successfully functionalized textiles for antibacterial, self-cleaning, flame retardant, UV protection, and enhanced performance properties. Therefore, high-tech materials and fabric constructions will improve wearer comfort while incorporating distinctive features. Among natural fibers, cotton is the most popular because of its softness, breathability, safety, low cost, regeneration performance, strength, elasticity, biodegradability, and hydrophilicity. Cotton fabric does, however, have some disadvantages, including the possibility of microbial attacks on its fibrous structure, the ease with which creases form, and the loss of mechanical strength. Microorganisms can easily grow and propagate on cotton fabrics because they are able to store humidity and have a high specific surface area. A variety of fields, including health and medicine, have benefited from cotton fibers with antimicrobial properties. Hygienic, functional, durable, and comfortable cotton fabrics are expected in modern times. Utilizing nanotechnology in cotton cloth is a significant challenge in achieving these characteristics and advancements. Nanoparticles have been incorporated into textile finishing stages to address the inherent problems while also imparting functional properties to textile materials.
  • 409
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Graphene Nanoplatelets Screen-Printed on Woven and Knitted Fabrics
Although the force/pressure applied onto a textile substrate through a uniaxial compression is constant and independent of the yarn direction, it should be noted that such mechanical action causes a geometric change in the substrate, which can be identified by the reduction in its lateral thickness. Therefore, researchers investigate the influence of the fabric orientation on both knitted and woven pressure sensors, in order to generate knowledge for a better design process during textile piezoresistive sensor development.
  • 326
  • 29 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Hierarchical Design of Textile-Based Sensor in Wearable Electronics
Smart textiles have recently aroused tremendous interests over the world because of their broad applications in wearable electronics, such as human healthcare, human motion detection, and intelligent robotics. Sensors are the primary components of wearable and flexible electronics, which convert various signals and external stimuli into electrical signals. While traditional electronic sensors based on rigid silicon wafers can hardly conformably attach on the human body, textile materials including fabrics, yarns, and fibers afford promising alternatives due to their characteristics including light weight, flexibility, and breathability. Of fundamental importance are the needs for fabrics simultaneously having high electrical and mechanical performance. 
  • 407
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Humic Substances' Macromolecular Architecture and Dyes/Metals Adsorptive Removal
Humic substances are naturally occurring materials composed of complex biogenic mixtures of substituted aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon core materials derived from the degradation and decomposition of dead plant and animal matter. They are ubiquitous in both terrestrial and aquatic systems constituting biotic pools and are characterized by unique properties; they are amphiphilic redox compounds with exceptional chelating features. Humic substances play a crucial role in both agriculture and the environment as carbon sequestrators, soil improvers, plant health promoters, as well as stabilizers of soil aggregates and regulators of organic/inorganic nutrients bioavailability. 
  • 156
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Incorporation of Cellulose-Based Aerogels into Textile Structures
Given their exceptional attributes, aerogels are viewed as a material with immense potential. Being a natural polymer, cellulose offers the advantage of being both replenishable and capable of breaking down naturally. Cellulose-derived aerogels encompass the replenish ability, biocompatible nature, and ability to degrade naturally inherent in cellulose, along with additional benefits like minimal weight, extensive porosity, and expansive specific surface area.
  • 403
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Layer-by-Layer Deposition to Reduce Flammability of Textiles
Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition is an emerging green technology to reduce flammability of the most widely used fibers (cotton, polyester, polyamide and their blends), which shows numerous advantages over current commercially available textile finishing processes due to the use of water as a solvent for a variety of active substances at very low concentrations. The LbL deposition includes immersing textiles into the solutions of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes or spraying textiles with charged solutions to build LbL assemblies with the desired number of bilayers (BLs), trilayers (TLs), or quadlayers (QLs) with different functionality. In conventional LbL deposition, layers are attracted by weak electrostatic forces of polyelectrolytes soluble in water, polyanions and polycations with one charged group per monomer unit, but polymers bearing hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are also able to form assemblies. 
  • 721
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Manufacturing Techniques of IOT Hybrid Fiber Materials
The fabrication of smart fabrics can be divided into coating and lamination processes. Coating methods include dip, knife or blade, air knife, metering rod, transfer, roll, paste dot, and powder. Laminating methods include flame, wet adhesive, hot melt, dry heat, and ultrasonic. Flame lamination is a process in which a prepared thin thermoplastic foam sheet is passed over an open flame to generate a thin layer of a molten polymer. Polyurethane foam (PUF) is the most frequently used foam. Wet adhesives used in the laminating process are either water- or solvent-based. They are applied to the substrate surface in liquid form using conventional coating methods, such as gravure roll coating, spraying, roll coating, and knife coating. Then, the adhesive-coated web is bonded with other substrates under pressure and dried or cured in an oven.
  • 175
  • 24 May 2023
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