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Topic Review
Solar Chemical
Solar chemical refers to a number of possible processes that harness solar energy by absorbing sunlight in a chemical reaction. The idea is conceptually similar to photosynthesis in plants, which converts solar energy into the chemical bonds of glucose molecules, but without using living organisms, which is why it is also called artificial photosynthesis. A promising approach is to use focused sunlight to provide the energy needed to split water into its constituent hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of a metallic catalyst such as zinc. This is normally done in a two-step process so that hydrogen and oxygen are not produced in the same chamber, which creates an explosion hazard. Another approach involves taking the hydrogen created in this process and combining it with carbon dioxide to create methane. The benefit of this approach is that there is an established infrastructure for transporting and burning methane for power generation, which is not true for hydrogen. One main drawback to both of these approaches is common to most methods of energy storage: adding an extra step between energy collection and electricity production drastically decreases the efficiency of the overall process.
  • 454
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sol Rezza
Sol Rezza (born April 7, 1982, Buenos Aires, Argentina ) is a composer, audio engineer and radio producer; specialist in sound design and composition in the field of experimental music and radio art for various media, theater, festivals and installations. Her main works of sound experimentation are the creation of immersive sound environments through the transformation of field recordings, effects and surround sound. Owner of an atypical professional tour, Sol Rezza works in different areas related to sound; from live performances, experimental compositions for radio to the realization of atmospheres / environments and / or sound effects for digital media, video games, films as well as for installations. All her works have two main axes of analysis: the way we perceive time and space through our senses and how sounds influence that perception.
  • 680
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Soil Moisture Active Passive
Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) is an United States environmental research satellite launched on 31 January 2015. It was one of the first Earth observation satellites developed by NASA in response to the National Research Council’s Decadal Survey.
  • 316
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Soft Templates for Fabricating 3D Nanostructures
Just like rigid templates, there are numerous types of soft templates, including electron resist polymer, photoresist polymer, and various assembled polymers consisting of block polymer, fiber or membrane, polystyrene (PS) sphere, and so forth. These versatile soft templates can be used in the ALA method and have broad prospects for development in powerful fabrication of multiple nanostructures, which possess a lot of advantages, such as simple process, good flexibility, repeatable simplicity of the process, and environmentally friendly easy elimination of the templates, resulting in diversiform 3D nanostructures with numerous device applications.
  • 447
  • 21 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Sociology of Space
The sociology of space is a sub-discipline of sociology that mostly borrows from theories developed within the discipline of geography, including the sub fields of human geography, economic geography, and feminist geography. The "sociology" of space examines the social and material constitution of spaces. It is concerned with understanding the social practices, institutional forces, and material complexity of how humans and spaces interact. The sociology of space is an inter-disciplinary area of study, drawing on various theoretical traditions including Marxism, postcolonialism, and Science and Technology Studies, and overlaps and encompasses theorists with various academic disciplines such as geography and architecture. Edward T. Hall developed the study of Proxemics which concentrates on the empirical analysis of space in psychology.
  • 3.2K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
SMC AB8
AB8, also known as SMC WR8, is a binary star in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). A Wolf-Rayet star and a main sequence companion of spectral type O orbit in a period of 16.638 days. It is one of only nine known WO stars, the only Wolf-Rayet star in the SMC not on the nitrogen sequence, and the only Wolf-Rayet star in the SMC outside the main bar.
  • 347
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Site Directed Spin Labeling
Site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) is a molecular biology technique in which paramagnetic spin labels are incorporated into the specific site of bio-macromolecules for investigation of structure and dynamic properties using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In SDSL, all native nondisulfide bonded cysteines are eliminated by changing them with another amino acid such as serine or an alanine. A unique cysteine residue is then incorporated into a recombinant protein using site-directed mutagenesis technique, and further reacted with sulfhydryl-specific nitroxide reagent to covalently generate a stable spin label side-chain. The development of SDSL approaches extended the application of EPR to almost any biological systems. Site-directed spin labeling  (SDSL) combined with EPR spectroscopy can provide structural dynamics of spin label side-chain, solvent accessibility, solvent polarity, and intra- or intermolecular distances between two spin labels of macromolecules.
  • 519
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Single-Element 2D Materials beyond Graphene
Thanks to their remarkable mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, 2D materials promise to revolutionize electronics. The unique properties of graphene-like 2D materials give them the potential to create completely new types of devices for functional electronics, nanophotonics, and quantum technologies. 
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Single Point Mooring (SPM) Systems with Buoys
The SPM system consists of four main components, namely, the body of the buoy, the anchoring and mooring components, the fluid transfer system and the ancillary elements. Static legs linked to the seabed underneath the surface keep the buoy body in place. Above the water level, the body has a spinning portion that is attached to the offloading/loading tanker. A roller bearing, referred to as the main bearing, connects these two portions. Due to this array, the anchored tanker can easily weather-vane around the buoy and find a steady position. The concept of the buoy is determined by the type of bearing utilized and the divide between the rotating and geostatic sections. The buoy’s size is determined by the amount of counter buoyancy required to keep the anchor chains in place, and the chains are determined by environmental conditions and vessel size.
  • 9.6K
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Single Crystal Synthesis of 11 Iron-Based Superconductors
The 11 system in the iron-based superconducting family has become one of the most extensively studied materials in the research of high-temperature superconductivity, due to their simple structure and rich physical properties. Many exotic properties, such as multiband electronic structure, electronic nematicity, topology and antiferromagnetic order, provide strong support for the theory of high-temperature superconductivity, and have been at the forefront of condensed matter physics in the past decade. One noteworthy aspect is that a high upper critical magnetic field, large critical current density and lower toxicity give the 11 system good application prospects.
  • 221
  • 21 Jul 2023
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