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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Vicious Cycle of Obesity, Inflammation, and Breast Cancer
Epidemiological studies refer to obesity-associated metabolic changes as a critical risk factor behind the progression of breast cancer. The plethora of signals arising due to obesity-induced changes in adipocytes present in breast tumor microenvironment, significantly affect the behavior of adjacent breast cells. Adipocytes from white adipose tissue are currently recognized as an active endocrine organ secreting different bioactive compounds. However, due to excess energy intake and increased fat accumulation, there are morphological followed by secretory changes in adipocytes, which make the breast microenvironment proinflammatory. This proinflammatory milieu not only increases the risk of breast cancer development through hormone conversion, but it also plays a role in breast cancer progression through the activation of effector proteins responsible for the biological phenomenon of metastasis.
  • 399
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Vici Syndrome
Vici syndrome is a severe disorder that begins early in life and affects many body systems. It is characterized by abnormalities of the brain, immune system, heart, skin, and eyes. Other organs and tissues are less commonly affected.  
  • 329
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Vibratory Urticaria
Vibratory urticaria is a condition in which exposing the skin to vibration, repetitive stretching, or friction results in allergy symptoms such as hives (urticaria), swelling (angioedema), redness (erythema), and itching (pruritus) in the affected area.
  • 466
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Vibrational Imaging Techniques and Hard Dental Tissues
Raman Microspectroscopy (RMS) represents an innovative tool to in vitro situation hard dental tissues. In fact, this vibrational technique has the advantage of providing, at the same time and on the same sample, a morpho-chemical correlation between the microscopic information from the visual analysis of the sample and its chemical and macromolecular composition. Moreover, thanks to the light scattering, it is possible to simultaneously perform the imaging analysis of both the inorganic and organic components of teeth, at a high spatial resolution level and in a confocal mode. The identification of specific Raman markers representative of sound and pathological hard dental tissues is crucial to improve the diagnosis of several dental pathologies and to detect dental lesions at an early stage when they are not visually detectable .
  • 658
  • 25 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Viable but Non-Culturable Listeria monocytogenes
The detection, enumeration, and virulence potential of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) pathogens continues to be a topic of discussion. While there is a lack of definitive evidence that VBNC Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) pose a public health risk, recent studies suggest that Lm in its VBNC state remains virulent. VBNC bacteria cannot be enumerated by traditional plating methods, so the results from routine Lm testing may not demonstrate a sample’s true hazard to public health. We suggest that supplementing routine Lm testing methods with methods designed to enumerate VBNC cells may more accurately represent the true level of risk.
  • 480
  • 13 Feb 2021
Topic Review
VHL Gene
Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor.
  • 556
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
VGLUT3+ Neurons in Hippocampal Activity and Behaviour
Neurons using glutamate as a neurotransmitter can be characterised by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Among the three subtypes, VGLUT3 is often co-localise with other “classical” neurotransmitters and can modulate their release. Its contribution to sensory processes (including seeing, hearing, and mechanosensation) is well characterised. However, its involvement in learning and memory can only be assumed based on its prominent hippocampal presence. Beside local VGLUT3 positive network hippocampus gets innervation from the median raphe. This hippocampal glutamatergic network plays a pivotal role in several important processes (e.g., learning and memory, emotions, epilepsy, cardiovascular regulation). 
  • 358
  • 24 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, management, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in animals. Along with this, it deals with animal rearing, husbandry, breeding, research on nutrition, and product development. The scope of veterinary medicine is wide, covering all animal species, both domesticated and wild, with a wide range of conditions that can affect different species. Veterinary medicine is widely practiced, both with and without professional supervision. Professional care is most often led by a veterinary physician (also known as a veterinarian, veterinary surgeon, or "vet"), but also by paraveterinary workers, such as veterinary nurses or technicians. This can be augmented by other paraprofessionals with specific specialties, such as animal physiotherapy or dentistry, and species-relevant roles such as farriers. Veterinary science helps human health through the monitoring and control of zoonotic disease (infectious disease transmitted from nonhuman animals to humans), food safety, and through human applications via medical research. They also help to maintain food supply through livestock health monitoring and treatment, and mental health by keeping pets healthy and long-living. Veterinary scientists often collaborate with epidemiologists and other health or natural scientists, depending on type of work. Ethically, veterinarians are usually obliged to look after animal welfare. Veterinarians diagnose, treat, and help keep animals safe and healthy.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Veterinary Drug Residues
Veterinary drugs are substances or mixtures used for the prevention, treatment, or diagnosis of animal diseases or for purposeful regulation of animal physiological functions
  • 885
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Veterinarians as Animal Welfare Experts
Veterinarians are animal health experts, and they have been conferred a leading role as experts in animal welfare. This expectation of veterinarians as welfare experts appears to stem from their training in veterinary medicine as well as professional contributions to welfare-relevant policy and law. Veterinarians are ideally situated to act as animal welfare experts by virtue of their core work with animals and potential influence over owners, their roles in policy development, compliance, and monitoring, and as educators of future veterinarians.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Dec 2021
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