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Topic Review
VPS13B Gene
Vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B.
  • 377
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Von Willebrand Factor
The von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a plasma protein that mediates platelet adhesion and leukocyte recruitment to vascular injury sites and carries coagulation factor VIII, a building block of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. A steep rise in shear rates, which may occur at sites of arterial stenosis and injury, is crucial for unfolding and activation of vWF. The hemostatic activity of vWF is counterbalanced by ADAMTS-13, a vWF-cleaving protease. The presence of ultra-large multimers of vWF in the bloodstream is associated with spontaneous thrombosis, whereas its deficiency leads to bleeding.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Von Willebrand Disease
Von Willebrand disease is a bleeding disorder that slows the blood clotting process, causing prolonged bleeding after an injury.
  • 384
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by the formation of tumors and fluid-filled sacs (cysts) in many different parts of the body. Tumors may be either noncancerous or cancerous and most frequently appear during young adulthood; however, the signs and symptoms of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome can occur throughout life.  
  • 373
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Vomeronasal System in Mammals
The vomeronasal system (VNS) or accessory olfactory system is specialized in detecting chemical signals, primarily pheromones, kairomones, and molecules from the major histocompatibility complex.
  • 521
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Volvocine regA Gene Model for Cellular Differentiation Evolution
A group of green algae in the order of Volvocales provides an ideal model system for studying the transition from unicellular to differentiated multicellularity. This group—known as the volvocine algae—evolved multicellularity relatively recently (~240 million years ago) and contains extant relatives that span a range of complexities from unicellularity, to undifferentiated multicellularity, to differentiated multicellularity. The regA-like gene family within the volvocine algae serves as a model for the evolution of the genetic basis of cellular differentiation.
  • 295
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Volumetric Muscle Loss Repair
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is defined as a condition in which a large volume of skeletal muscle is lost due to physical insult. VML often results in a heightened immune response, resulting in significant long-term functional impairment. 
  • 796
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Voltammetry in Studies on Drug and Alcohol Addictions
Drug and alcohol addictions are chronic psychiatric conditions, which are characterized by uncontrolled substance seeking and taking behaviors, and long-lasting vulnerability to relapse. A wealth of evidence demonstrated that altered dopamine signaling is involved in all stages of this psychopathology. Due to a high temporal resolution and sufficient chemical specificity, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was especially helpful in studying abnormalities in dopamine transmission in advanced animal models of addictions.
  • 514
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Voltage-Gated K+ Channels
Voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels are intrinsic plasma membrane proteins mediating the selective flow of potassium ions in response to depolarization of the transmembrane electric field. Their ionic selectivity and voltage dependence allow Kv channels to be central players in virtually all physiological functions, including the maintenance and modulation of neuronal and muscular (both cardiac and skeletal) excitability, regulation of calcium signaling cascades, control of cell volume, immune response, hormonal secretion, and others.
  • 963
  • 29 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels for the Treatment of Pain
The voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are classified in low- (T-type or Cav3) or high-voltage activation (L or Cav1, N, P/Q, and R-type or Cav2). They can be further subclassified by structural similarities (channel-forming α1-subunit) where L-(Cav1.1, Cav1.2, Cav1.3, and Cav1.4), P/Q-(Cav2.1), N-(Cav2.2), and R-(Cav2.3) channels form heteromultimers (along with auxiliary β-, α2δ, and γ-subunits) and T-type (Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3) channels, which are α1-subunit monomers. Pain perception is a sensory and emotionally unpleasant experience; moreover, it represents a huge personal, medical, and economic burden that pharmacotherapy targeting brain pathways is now being researched for and developed in the medical field. Obviously, acute pain does not carry the load of chronic pain that is conceived as a disease on its own and as secondary to an underlying disease (like a symptom). Chronic pain is related to neuronal adaptations and is high risk for psychological distress and sleep deprivation, among other consequences impairing the quality of life. 
  • 364
  • 08 Jun 2023
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