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Topic Review
Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance is a critical pathophysiological process in the onset and advancement of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is well-recognized that alterations in the metabolism of lipids and aberrant fat buildup effectively trigger the development of resistance to insulin. Adjusting one’s eating habits and managing weight appropriately are crucial for treating, controlling, and reducing the risk of T2DM because obesity and a lack of physical exercise are the primary factors responsible for the worldwide rise in T2DM. Omega-3 fatty acid is one of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that include long-chain omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, commonly found in fish oils.
  • 646
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Edible Flowers Used in Some Countries
Edible flowers are becoming an essential component of people’s nutrition in the Mediterranean basin. Many researchers also have focused their attention on the nutritional composition of the edible flowers, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, including studies on their safety issues.
  • 517
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Activity of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts
Traditional industrial fermentation attributes to Saccharomyces cerevisiae the most important role as a biotechnological organism involved in worldwide fermentation products such as beers, cider, wines, sake, distilled spirits, bakery products, cheese, sausages and other fermented foods. However, the world has started to re-evaluate the potential positive contribution of non-Saccharomyces yeasts (NSYs). They have found a pro-technological use in traditional fermentations, where they can impart peculiar and distinctive characteristics to the product, but also in other applications such as in biomedical or fundamental biological research, environmental biotechnology, heterologous protein production, biocontrol and food and feed sectors.
  • 428
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Metabolic Alterations of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Macroenvironment
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is aggressive, highly heterogeneous, and the most common form of B-cell lymphoma. Based on cell-of-origin algorithm category and oncogenic mechanisms, DLBCL is classified into three subsets: germinal center B cell-like, activated B cell-like, and unclassifiable subtype. Tumor cells have made some metabolic changes to protect themselves from malnutrition. These metabolic alterations affect the tumor microenvironment and macroenvironment.
  • 339
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Biological Activities of Naringin
Naringin (NG), a natural flavanone glycoside, possesses a multitude of pharmacological properties, encompassing anti-inflammatory, sedative, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-osteoporosis, and lipid-lowering functions, and serves as a facilitator for the absorption of other drugs. 
  • 275
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Intercropping Cover Crops for a Vital Ecosystem Service
Cover crops are the crucial components of a sustainable crop production system because of their critical ecological services. Cover crops grown between rows of primary crops provide more benefits than conventional cropping systems, where ecosystem services are strengthened by lessening anthropogenic inputs.
  • 399
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Regulation of PD-L1 Expression by Nuclear Receptors
The suppression of excessive immune responses is necessary to prevent injury to the body, but it also allows cancer cells to escape immune responses and proliferate. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a co-inhibitory molecule that is present on T cells and is the receptor for programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The binding of PD-1 to PD-L1 leads to the inhibition of the T cell receptor signaling cascade. PD-L1 has been found to be expressed in many types of cancers, such as lung, ovarian, and breast cancer, as well as glioblastoma. Furthermore, PD-L1 mRNA is widely expressed in normal peripheral tissues including the heart, skeletal muscle, placenta, lungs, thymus, spleen, kidney, and liver. The expression of PD-L1 is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors via a number of transcription factors. In addition, various nuclear receptors, such as androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ, and retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor γ, also regulate the expression of PD-L1. 
  • 261
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Genetics for Obesity Prevention and Treatment
Obesity is a common, serious, and costly disease. Obesity-related conditions include heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. These are among the leading causes of preventable, premature death. Obesity is considered the result of a complex interaction between genes and the environment. Both genes and the environment change in different populations. Expression of these genes involves different epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, or non-coding micro-RNA synthesis, as well as variations in the gene sequence, which results in functional alterations.
  • 449
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Autophagy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation process that regulates cellular metabolism and homeostasis under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Autophagy and metabolism are linked in the hematopoietic system, playing a critical role in the self-renewal, survival and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and in cell death, particularly influencing the cell fate of the hematopoietic stem cell pool. In leukemia, autophagy supports leukemia cell growth, contributes to leukemia stem cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a common type of acute leukemia with poor survival and prognosis.
  • 542
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Silkworm Bombyx mori
Among insects, the silkworm Bombyx mori occupies a special position, being an excellent lepidopteran species representative of numerous scientific investigations. B. mori was domesticated and developed by human-driven selection from a wild origin since ancient times. Many years ago, silkworm genetic stocks were conserved in research facilitie. The silkworm can be considered from the economic point of view to be one of the most significant insects. It has been providing important benefits to humans, and it has continued developing thanks to its many practical applications, including using it as a model organism for medical purposes.
  • 631
  • 20 Jun 2023
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