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Topic Review
Ferroptosis in Brief
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered, iron-dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides within cell membranes. This process, distinct from apoptosis or necrosis, is driven by disruptions in cellular iron homeostasis and subsequent oxidative damage. Ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes and diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and ischemic injuries. Understanding the mechanisms and regulation of ferroptosis holds promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, making it a burgeoning field of research in cell biology and medicine with potential applications across a wide range of health-related challenges.
  • 316
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Necroptosis in Brief
Necroptosis is a recently discovered form of programmed cell death that has gained significant attention in scientific and medical research. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of necroptosis, covering its molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways. Key components like receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPK1 and RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) are discussed in detail, along with their roles in necroptotic cell death. The research also highlights the physiological functions of necroptosis in development, tissue maintenance, and immune response, as well as its involvement in diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory conditions, and cancer. Additionally, it touches on potential therapeutic interventions and the future outlook of necroptosis research.
  • 414
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Pyroptosis in Brief
This comprehensive entry delves into the intricate world of pyroptosis, a captivating phenomenon in cellular biology and immunology. It provides a comprehensive exploration of pyroptosis, from its historical context to its multifaceted mechanisms, regulatory intricacies, physiological functions, and its relevance in health and disease. Pyroptosis represents a unique blend of programmed cell death and inflammatory responses, challenging conventional categorizations and sparking curiosity across diverse scientific disciplines. The research highlights the central role of inflammasomes in orchestrating pyroptosis and its interplay with innate immunity. Overall, this entry offers a brief dive into the fascinating world of pyroptosis, its implications, and its potential for future research and therapeutic applications.
  • 267
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Plant and Soil Effects of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
Rhizobacteria that support plant growth are known as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). It is believed that the use of microbes as bioinoculants, used together with chemical fertilisers, is the best strategy to increase plant growth and soil fertility. In sustainable agriculture, these microbes bring significant benefits to crops. In addition to colonising plant systems (epiphytes, endophytes and rhizospheres), beneficial microbes play a key role in the uptake of nutrients from surrounding ecosystems.
  • 137
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases in Animals
Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) synthesize a range of peptide products with a wide spectrum of biological functions including antibiotic and siderophore activities. They are used in industrial biotechnology to produce various pharmaceuticals such as cytostatics and immunosuppressants. NRPSs are widespread among both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
  • 416
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Peritumoral Pericyte during Glioblastoma Multiforme
Glioblastoma multiforme (GB) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis as it is one of the most difficult cancers to treat. Glioblastoma (GB) cells physically interact with peritumoral pericytes (PCs) present in the brain microvasculature. These interactions facilitate tumor cells to aberrantly increase and benefit from chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in the PC. GB-induced CMA leads to major changes in PC immunomodulatory phenotypes, which, in turn, support cancer progression. 
  • 437
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
MOB in Cytokinesis, Cell Architecture and Tissue Homeostasis
The Monopolar spindle One Binder protein (MOB) family proteins are constituted by highly conserved eukaryote kinase signal adaptors that are often essential both for cell and organism survival. Historically, MOB family proteins have been described as kinase activators participating in Hippo and Mitotic Exit Network/Septation Initiation Network (MEN/SIN) signaling pathways that have central roles in regulating cytokinesis, cell polarity, cell proliferation and cell fate to control organ growth and regeneration. In metazoans, MOB proteins act as central signal adaptors of the core kinase module MST1/2, LATS1/2, and NDR1/2 kinases that phosphorylate the YAP/TAZ transcriptional co-activators, effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway. MOBs have been shown to also have non-kinase partners and to be involved in cilia biology, indicating that its activity and regulation is more diverse than expected.
  • 338
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Non-Coding RNAs
The mammalian transcriptome is highly complex and includes a large number of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Here, the biogenesis pathways of the three classes of sncRNAs, namely short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are discussed. These ncRNAs have been extensively studied and are involved in pathways leading to specific gene silencing and the protection of genomes against virus and transposons, for example. Also, lncRNAs have emerged as pivotal molecules for the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression which is supported by their tissue-specific expression patterns, subcellular distribution, and developmental regulation.
  • 452
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Jackfruit Waste Utilizd in Sustainable Energy and Biochemicals
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) trees are known to produce huge fruits from their stems and are unique in terms of food utilization as vegetables and fruits. Jackfruit trees are cultivated throughout the lowlands in south and southeast Asian countries. In addition, it is found in east Africa, as well as throughout Brazil and Caribbean nations such as Jamaica.
  • 672
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Pre-Molten, Wet, and Dry Molten Globules
Transitions between the unfolded and native states of the ordered globular proteins are accompanied by the accumulation of several intermediates, such as pre-molten globules, wet molten globules, and dry molten globules. Structurally equivalent conformations can serve as native functional states of intrinsically disordered proteins.
  • 366
  • 17 Sep 2023
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