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Topic Review
Methionine and Arginine in Intestinal Health of Poultry
To achieve optimal growth and productivity of poultry, ensuring their health and well-being is essential. Studies have illuminated the functional roles of certain amino acids, highlighting their unique contributions to various physiological processes and the synthesis of metabolically important molecules. Methionine and arginine are two notable examples of such amino acids.
  • 258
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Roles of GR-RBPs in RNA Metabolism
Glycine-rich RNA binding proteins (GR-RBPs), a branch of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), play integral roles in regulating various aspects of RNA metabolism regulation, such as RNA processing, transport, localization, translation, and stability, and ultimately regulate gene expression and cell fate.
  • 402
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Plant-Based Dairy Alternatives as Healthy and Sustainable Diet
Plant-based foods are increasing in popularity as more and more people are concerned about personal and planetary health. The consumption of plant-based dairy alternatives (PBDAs) has assumed a more significant dietary role in populations shifting to more sustainable eating habits. Plant-based drinks (PBDs) made from soya and other legumes have ample protein levels. PBDs that are appropriately fortified have adequate levels of important vitamins and minerals comparable to dairy milk. 
  • 169
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Perception of Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Worldwide
In humans, an obvious reduction of the impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) could be managed by informing the population on the risks associated with ticks and TBD, involving frequent public news media and advertisements, as currently carried out in northern countries of Europe, which are measuring their impact and adaptation. Although the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control provide online free access to information about TBD, gaps are obvious in both the transmitted information and the ability of citizens to understand the information. The same applies to ticks feeding on pets, that have an extraordinarily high contact with humans.
  • 375
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Factors Affecting Microbiome Establishment in Rumens
Within the ruminant intestines, a diverse array of microbiota predominates, predominantly comprised of bacteria with a specialized role in breaking down intricate nutrients like cellulose and hemicellulose. This breakdown results in the conversion of these complex compounds into simpler constituents, such as glucose, which ultimately facilitates the assimilation of nutrients. The composition of these microbial communities within the rumen is contingent on a multitude of factors. These include breed, age, external environment, diet, and nutritional factors. Moreover, other variables, such as the process of weaning, energy requirements, and the presence of potentially toxic metabolic byproducts, can also exert an impact on the microbial composition and abundance within the rumen. External factors, including heat stress, psychological stress, environmental conditions, and dietary patterns, can likewise pose threats to the stability of rumen microflora.
  • 330
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Families of Viruses that Affect Passeriformes
Interest in emerging viruses is growing because some can cause serious or lethal disease in humans and animals. The number of cloacal virome studies is also growing, however, these usually focus on poultry and other domestic birds, These studies reveal a wide variety of viruses, although the pathogenic significance of most newly discovered viruses is uncertain. Analysis of viruses detected in wild birds is complex and often biased towards waterfowl because of the obvious interest in avian influenza or other zoonotic viruses. Less is known about the viruses present in the order Passeriformes, which comprises approximately 60% of extant bird species. This review aims to compile the most significant contributions, from traditional and metagenomic studies, on the viruses that affect passerines. It highlights most passerine species have never been sampled. Some viruses, especially Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Poxviridae and Togaviridae, and arguably others, are considered emerging because of increased incidence or avian mortality/morbidity, spread to new geographical areas or hosts and their zoonotic risk. However, many of these viruses have only recently been described in passerines using metagenomics and their role in the ecosystem is unknown.
  • 326
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Gene Editing: The Regulatory Perspective
Gene or genome editing, often known as GE, is a technique utilized to modify, eliminate, or substitute a mutated gene at the DNA level. It serves as a valuable tool in the field of genetic manipulation. Gene therapy (GT) is a therapeutic approach that aims to correct mutations by delivering a functional gene copy into the body. In contrast, the mutated gene remains in the genome. It is considered a form of medical intervention. No approval has been granted for any product manufactured by GE, in contrast to the approval of 22 medications produced by GT. These GT products are priced at millions of US dollars each dose. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently implemented a guideline about gene editing, which aims to facilitate the expedited creation of genetically engineered (GE) goods. However, the FDA must provide further elucidation and necessary revisions to enhance the rationality of this guideline.
  • 279
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
UAV-Based Applications for Plant Disease Detection and Monitoring
Remote sensing technology is vital for precision agriculture, aiding in early issue detection, resource management, and environmentally friendly practices. Recent advances in remote sensing technology and data processing have propelled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into valuable tools for obtaining detailed data on plant diseases with high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution. Given the growing body of scholarly research centered on UAV-based disease detection, a comprehensive review and analysis becomes imperative to provide a panoramic view of evolving methodologies in plant disease monitoring and to strategically evaluate the potential and limitations of such strategies.
  • 414
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Oxidative and Nitrative Modifications of DNA
Infection and chronic inflammation have been recognized as important factors in carcinogenesis. Under inflammatory conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from inflammatory and epithelial cells, and result in the formation of oxidative and nitrative DNA lesions, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-nitroguanine. Cellular DNA is continuously exposed to a very high level of genotoxic stress caused by physical, chemical, and biological agents, with an estimated 10,000 modifications occurring every hour in the genetic material of each of our cells. 
  • 167
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Distribution of Polyphenols from Mediterranean Plants
Polyphenols are a diverse class of natural compounds that are widely distributed in various fruits, vegetables, and herbs. They possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and bring benefits in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Studies suggested that polyphenols may improve cardiovascular health and may have neuroprotective effects. The Mediterranean region is a vast area. Although the territory encompasses a wide variety of cultures and dietary patterns, there are some commonalities in terms of the plant-based foods and their polyphenol content.
  • 338
  • 27 Oct 2023
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