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Topic Review
TNNT2 Gene
Troponin T2, cardiac type: The TNNT2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called cardiac troponin T, which is found solely in the heart (cardiac) muscle.
  • 499
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TNNI3 Gene
Troponin I3, cardiac type: The TNNI3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called cardiac troponin I, which is found solely in the heart (cardiac) muscle.
  • 526
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TNNI2 Gene
Troponin I2, fast skeletal type: The TNNI2 gene provides instructions for making one form of a protein called troponin I.
  • 432
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TNM 02067
TNM 02067 (Tanzanian National Museums specimen 02067)[Note 1] is a fragmentary fossil dentary (lower jaw) from the Cretaceous (between 146 and 66 million years ago) of Tanzania. The short, deep bone is about 19.5 mm (0.77 in) long, but the back part is broken off. It contains a large, forward-inclined incisor with a root that extends deep into the jaw, separated by a diastema (gap) from five cheekteeth. Very little remains of the teeth, but enough to determine that they are hypsodont (high-crowned). The third cheektooth is the largest and the roots of the teeth are curved. First described in 2003, TNM 02067 has been tentatively identified as a sudamericid—an extinct family of high-crowned gondwanathere mammals otherwise known from South America, Madagascar, India, and Antarctica. If truly a gondwanathere, it would be the only African member of the group and may be the oldest. The describers could not exclude other possibilities, such as that the jaw represents some mammalian group known only from younger, Cenozoic times (less than 66 million years ago).
  • 577
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
TNFα
About 60 years ago, it was reported that bacterial endotoxin administration to mice resulted in the release of a serological protein with necrotic anti-tumor activity at high concentrations. Due to the latter characteristic, this protein was termed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)  and considered a breakthrough for cancer therapy. Today, the TNF superfamily consists of 19 members and 29 TNF receptors .Within this family, functional TNFα is represented by a trimer of 17.35 kDa monomers, folded into a rigid bell-shaped “jelly roll” composed of antiparallel filaments. It exists in two forms: a transmembrane form (tmTNFα) next to a soluble (sTNFα) form. The latter one is cleaved from tmTNFα by the metalloproteinase TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE).
  • 491
  • 18 Aug 2021
Topic Review
TNFRSF1A Gene
TNF receptor superfamily member 1A: The TNFRSF1A gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1).
  • 583
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TNFRSF13B Gene
TNF receptor superfamily member 13B: The TNFRSF13B gene provides instructions for making a protein called TACI.
  • 446
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TNFRSF11B Gene
TNF receptor superfamily member 11b: The TNFRSF11B gene provides instructions for making a protein called osteoprotegerin.
  • 450
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TNFRSF11A Gene
TNF receptor superfamily member 11a: The TNFRSF11A gene provides instructions for making a protein called receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK).
  • 542
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TNF’s Pathway in CD
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic disorder characterized by full thickness patchy inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and involves defective innate immune responses, microbiome alterations, and dysregulated activation of the acquired component of mucosal immunity. One of the molecular mediators that is involved at different levels in the initiation and progression of intestinal inflammation characteristic of CD is tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
  • 730
  • 15 Oct 2021
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