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Topic Review
ALAN affects female zebra finches
Despite growing evidence that demonstrate adverse effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) on many species, relatively little is known regarding its effects on brain plasticity in birds. We recently showed that although ALAN increases cell proliferation in brains of birds, neuronal densities in two brain regions decreased, indicating neuronal death, which might be due to mortality of newly produced neurons or of existing ones. Therefore, in the present study we studied the effect of long-term ALAN on the recruitment of newborn neurons into their target regions in the brain. Accordingly, we exposed zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to 5 lux ALAN, and analysed new neuronal recruitment and total neuronal densities in several brain regions. We found that ALAN increased neuronal recruitment, possibly as a compensatory response to ALAN-induced neuronal death, and/or due to increased nocturnal locomotor activity caused by sleep disruption. Moreover, ALAN also had a differential temporal effect on neuronal densities, because hippocampus was more sensitive to ALAN and its neuronal densities were more affected than in other brain regions. Nocturnal melatonin levels under ALAN were significantly lower compared to controls, indicating that very low ALAN intensities suppress melatonin not only in nocturnal, but also in diurnal species.
  • 539
  • 03 Sep 2020
Biography
Alan Lightman
Alan Paige Lightman is an American physicist, writer, and social entrepreneur. He has served on the faculties of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and is currently professor of the practice of the humanities at MIT. He is widely known as the author of the international bestseller Einstein's Dreams. Einstein's Dreams has been adapted into dozens of independent theatrical pro
  • 660
  • 06 Dec 2022
Biography
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin OM KBE PRS[1] (5 February 1914 – 20 December 1998) was an English physiologist and biophysicist, who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew Huxley and John Eccles. Hodgkin was born in Banbury, Oxfordshire, to George Hodgkin and Mary Wilson Hodgkin. His father died of dysentery in Baghdad in 1918. His mother was remarried to Lionel Smith, wit
  • 673
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
Alan Sokal
Alan David Sokal (/ˈsoʊkəl/; born January 24, 1955) is a professor of mathematics at University College London and professor of physics at New York University. He works in statistical mechanics and combinatorics. He is a critic of postmodernism, and caused the Sokal affair in 1996 when his deliberately nonsensical paper was published by Duke University's Social Text. He also works to counter
  • 999
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Alaria alata
Alaria alata flukes are cosmopolitan parasites. In Europe, the definitive hosts are red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), wolves (Canis lupus), and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), as well as animals that belong to the Felidae family. Intermediate hosts, such as snails and frogs, are the sources of infection for definitive hosts. The developmental stages of A. alata mesocercariae may occur in paratenic hosts, including many species of mammals, birds, and reptiles, as well as in wild boars (Sus scrofa), which are important from the zoonotic point of view. Alaria alata is a widespread trematode that is considered a potential cause of a human disease called alariosis, which is associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of intermediate or paratenic hosts of this parasite.
  • 4.6K
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Alarmins and MicroRNAs in Genesis of Respiratory Diseases
Alarmins support the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases as asthma through ferroptosis and the axis composed of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin (IL)-33. The mechanisms supporting the development and progression of chronic respiratory diseases and the role of HMBG1 and IL-33 are described.
  • 425
  • 09 Feb 2023
Topic Review
ALAS2 Gene
5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2
  • 383
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Alcohol Consumption and Male Fertility
Heavy alcohol consumption (defined as more than 3 and 4 drinks in a day, or more than 7 and 14 drinks weekly, for women and men, respectively) is reported to negatively affect human health, promote traffic accidents, and alter social behaviors, with severe repercussions for personal, social, and professional lives. Clinically, alcohol consumption has been correlated with an increased incidence of different types of cancer , cardiovascular  and liver diseases, birth defects, and psychiatric disorders.
  • 876
  • 06 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Alcohol Use Disorder
Alcohol use disorder is a diagnosis made when an individual has severe problems related to drinking alcohol. Alcohol use disorder can cause major health, social, and economic problems, and can endanger affected individuals and others through behaviors prompted by impaired decision-making and lowered inhibitions, such as aggression, unprotected sex, or driving while intoxicated.
  • 486
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Brief
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a global health concern, representing a spectrum of liver disorders resulting from chronic alcohol consumption. To decipher the intricate mechanisms underlying ALD and develop effective therapies, researchers have turned to experimental models. Among these, the alcohol-induced liver injury model, accomplished through chronic alcohol administration to animals, has been pivotal in elucidating key pathophysiological aspects of ALD. This research navigates through the methodologies employed to induce liver injury, highlights the diverse pathological features observed, explores the underlying mechanisms, and discusses the model's relevance in advancing our understanding of ALD. Additionally, it delves into the multifaceted applications of this model in the quest for novel therapeutic strategies to combat ALD.
  • 201
  • 08 Oct 2023
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