1. Introduction

Alan Paige Lightman is an American physicist, writer, and social entrepreneur. He has served on the faculties of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and is currently professor of the practice of the humanities at MIT. He is widely known as the author of the international bestseller Einstein's Dreams. Einstein's Dreams has been adapted into dozens of independent theatrical productions and is one of the most widely used "common books" on college campuses. Lightman's novel The Diagnosis was a finalist for the National Book Award. Lightman was the first professor at MIT to receive a joint appointment in the sciences and the humanities. He is the recipient of five honorary degrees. He is also the founder of the Harpswell Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to advance a new generation of women leaders in Southeast Asia.

2. Beginnings

Lightman was born into a white, upper-middle-class, Jewish family in Memphis, Tennessee and grew up there during the racially divided and inflamed 1950s and 1960s.

His paternal great grandfather, Joseph, immigrated from Hungary to the U.S. in 1880 and settled in Nashville. Uneducated, “Papa Joe Lightman” started a stone quarry and construction business and built some of the prominent public buildings in Nashville. Papa Joe’s son, M.A., Lightman's paternal grandfather, started buying movie theaters in the South in 1916, during the silent-film era, and eventually created a movie theater circuit spanning half a dozen southern states. M.A. was a larger than life figure. At age forty three, he swam across the Mississippi River. For a number of years, he was president of the Motion Picture Theater Owners of America. He also devoted himself to civic action and, among many other activities, was president of the Jewish Welfare Fund and head of fund raising for the all-black Collins Chapel Hospital in Memphis. M.A.’s wife, Celia, graduated from the University of Kentucky in Lexington and was well read and kept many books in the house. Lightman’s maternal grandfather, David Garretson, dropped out of school in the eighth grade to support his family after his father died at a young age. David began sweeping the floors of the Crescent Box Factory in New Orleans and eventually rose to become owner and president of the factory. David’s wife, Hattie Levy, was graduated from Wellesley College in 1920 and, for years, would mail young Alan a scrap of paper each week with an obscure new vocabulary word for him to look up and report back to her.

Lightman’s father, Richard, second son of M.A., was intellectually and artistically inclined. He worked as a businessman in the movie theater business started by his father. In the early 1960s, Richard played a key role in the civil rights movement by being the first movie theater owner in Memphis to integrate his theaters, only the second business of any kind to do so in that pivotal city. Lightman’s mother, Jeanne, was a ballroom dance teacher and also a volunteer Braille typist, making books available to the blind.

Much of the above family history can be found in Lightman's memoir Screening Room.

From an early age, Lightman was interested in both science and the arts. While in high school, he began independent science projects and writing poetry. His combination of talents in both science and creative writing drew attention as he won city and statewide science fairs as well as won the statewide creative writing competition from the National Council of Teachers of English. He graduated from White Station High School in Memphis. Lightman received his AB degree in physics from Princeton University in 1970, magna cum laude, where he was Phi Beta Kappa and won the Kusaka Memorial Prize in Physics for his senior thesis.

In 1976, Lightman married Jean Greenblatt (now going by the name Jean Lightman), a painter and the first female president of the Boston Guild of Artists in that organization's 100+ year history. Alan and Jean have two daughters, Elyse and Kara.

3. Early Career

Lightman earned his PhD in theoretical physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1974, where he had received a National Science Foundation pre-doctoral fellowship. His thesis advisor was relativist Kip Thorne, who won the 2017 Nobel Prize in physics. From 1974 to 1976, Lightman was a postdoctoral fellow in astrophysics at Cornell University. He became an Assistant Professor of astronomy at Harvard University from 1976 to 1979 and from 1979 to 1989 a research scientist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. In 1989, Lightman was appointed professor of science and writing and senior lecturer in physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He was the first professor at MIT to receive a joint appointment in science and the humanities. In 1995, he was appointed John Burchard Professor of Humanities at MIT, a position that he resigned in 2002 to allow himself more time for writing. In the late 1990s, Lightman chaired a committee at MIT that established a new Communication Requirement requiring each undergraduate to have a writing and speaking course each of his or her four years at MIT. He currently teaches at Massachusetts Institute of Technology as Professor of the Practice of the Humanities.

4. Scientific Work

In his scientific work, Lightman has made fundamental contributions to the theory of astrophysical processes under extreme temperatures and densities. In particular, his research has focused on relativistic gravitation theory, the structure and behavior of accretion disks, stellar dynamics, radiative processes, and relativistic plasmas. Some of his significant achievements are his discovery, with Douglas Eardley, of a structural instability in orbiting disks of matter, called accretion disks, that form around massive condensed objects such as black holes, with wide application in astronomy;^[1] his proof, with David L. Lee, that all gravitation theories obeying the Weak Equivalence Principle (the experimentally verified fact that all objects fall with the same acceleration in a gravitational field) must be metric theories of gravity, that is, must describe gravity as a geometrical warping of time and space;^[2] his calculations, with Stuart Shapiro, of the distribution of stars around a massive black hole and the rate of destruction of those stars by the hole;^[3] his discovery, independently of Roland Svensson of Sweden, of the negative heat behavior of optically thin, hot thermal plasmas dominated by electron-positron pairs, that is, the result that adding energy to thin hot gases causes their temperature to decrease rather than increase;^[4] and his work on unusual radiation processes, such as unsaturated inverse Compton scattering, in thermal media, also with wide application in astrophysics.^[5] His research articles have appeared in Physical Review, The Astrophysical Journal, Reviews of Modern Physics, Nature, and other journals. In 1990 he chaired the science panel of the National Academy of Sciences Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee. He is a past chair of the High Energy Division of the American Astronomical Society.

5. Literary Work

In 1981, Lightman began publishing essays about science, the human side of science, and the "mind of science", beginning with Smithsonian and moving to Science 82, The New Yorker, and other magazines. Since that time, Lightman's essays, short fiction, and reviews have also appeared in The American Scholar, The Atlantic Monthly, Boston Review, Dædalus, Discover, Exploratorium, Granta, Harper's Magazine, Harvard Magazine, Inc Technology, Nautilus, Nature, The New York Review of Books, The New York Times , "Salon", Science 86, The Sciences, Story, Technology Review, and World Monitor.

Lightman's novel Einstein's Dreams was an international bestseller and has been translated into thirty languages. More than one hundred independent theatrical, dance, video, and musical productions have been based on Einstein's Dreams around the world. The book was runner up for the 1994 PEN New England / Boston Globe Winship Award. Einstein's Dreams was also the March 1998 selection for National Public Radio's "Talk of the Nation" Book Club. The novel has been used in numerous colleges and universities, in many cases for university-wide adoptions in "common-book" programs. Lightman's novel The Diagnosis was a finalist for the 2000 National Book Award in fiction and has been adopted by high school teachers of Advanced Placement English. In 2007 Lightman released his novel, Ghost, an examination of the dichotomies of the physical world and the spiritual world, scepticism and faith, the natural and the supernatural, and science and religion. His novel Mr g, published in 2012, is the story of creation as told by God. Mr g has recently been adapted for the stage by Wesley Savick. In 2009, Lightman published his first volume of poetry, a book-length narrative in verse titled "Song of Two Worlds." Lightman's essays on science have frequently appeared in anthologies of the best science writing of the year. His essay "The Accidental Universe," was chosen by the New York Times as one of the best essays of the year for 2011, as was his essay "What Came Before the Big Bang?" published in 2014. His book The Accidental Universe was chosen by Brainpickings as one of the ten best books of 2014. His book Screening Room, a slightly fictionalized memoir, was chosen by the Washington Post as one of the best books of the year. His most recent books are In Praise of Wasting Time, and In Search of Stars on an Island in Maine, about the way in which religion and science differ in their methods and approach to truth.

6. The Harpswell Foundation and Work to Advance Women Leaders

In 2003, Lightman made his first trip to Southeast Asia, to Cambodia. There he met a Cambodian lawyer named Veasna Chea who told him that when she had been going to university in Phnom Penh in the mid 1990s, she and a handful of female students lived underneath the university building, in the two-meter crawl space between the bottom of the building and the mud, because there was no housing for female university students. Male students could live in the Buddhist pagodas or safely rent rooms together, but those options were not available to female students. Lightman and Chea together conceived the idea of a dormitory for female university students in Phnom Penh. Lightman raised the money to build the facility, which was completed in 2006, the first such facility in the country. During this work, Lightman founded the Harpswell Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to advance a new generation of women leaders in Southeast Asia. Harpswell is funded from the donations of private individuals, foundations, and corporations. Harpswell now operates two dormitory and leadership centers in Phnom Penh. In addition to providing free housing, food, and medical care, the facility gives outstanding young women a rigorous in-house program in leadership skills and critical thinking (which they take in the evenings and weekends when they are not attending their regular university classes). The in-house program includes English instruction, computer literacy, debate, analytical writing, comparative genocide studies, strategies for civic engagement, leadership training, and discussion and analysis of national and international events. After its first two years of operation, the Harpswell students were first in their class at most of the major universities in Cambodia. As of Fall 2018, the Cambodian program has about 160 graduates and about 76 current students. On average, Harpswell graduates earn five to ten times the salary of an average Cambodian woman and are now advancing into leadership positions as project managers at NGOs, lawyers, businesswomen, journalists, engineers, health care workers, teachers and professors, government staff, and bankers.

In 2017, Harpswell launched a new program in leadership for young professional women from all ten countries of Southeast Asia: Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, and Brunei, plus Nepal. The program consists of an intense, two week summer program in Penang Malaysia, with lectures and workshops in critical thinking, civic engagement, Southeast Asian geography and society, technology and communication, and gender issues. The program has a total of 25 participants each year, who are flown to Penang from their respective countries. We are also developing a strong alumnae association. Further information is available at the website of the Harpswell Foundation.

7. Other Activities

In 2002, Lightman and playwright Alan Brody launched a monthly salon of scientists and theater artists from the greater Boston area to discuss questions of mutual interest to scientists and artists. The salon ran for ten years, out of which was created the Catalyst Collaborative at MIT, a partnership between MIT and the Central Square Theater in Cambridge. The Collaborative has created and sponsored a number of new plays that embrace the culture of science. Lightman serves as one of its directors.

In 2015, Lightman was named to the International Council of Advisors of the Asian University for Women. He is also on the Board of Advisors of Primary Source, a nonprofit that works to raise global awareness in high school student in Massachusetts. He is on the Editorial Board of Undark, an online magazine about science and society.

8. Awards and Honors

• Harvard Humanist Hub, inaugural winner of the Humanism in Literature Award, 2017
• St. Botolph's Club of Boston, 2016 Distinguished Artist of the Year
• New York Times Sydney Award for the best essays of 2016, awarded for "What Happened Before the Big Bang?" Harper's Magazine, January 2016
• Screening Room named by the Washington Post as one of the best books of 2015
• New York Times Sydney Award for the best essays of 2011, awarded for "The Accidental Universe," Harper's Magazine, December 2011
• Finalist for 2000 National Book Award in fiction for The Diagnosis
• Finalist for the 2005 Massachusetts Book Award for A Sense of the Mysterious
• Association of American Publishers' Award for best science book of 1990 for Origins
• Literary Light of the Boston Public Library
• Honorary Doctorate of Letters from Bowdoin College in 2005
• Honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts from the Memphis College of Arts in 2006
• Honorary Doctorate of Humanities from the University of Maryland, Baltimore Country in 2006
• Honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters from the University of Massachusetts, Lowell in 2010
• Honorary Doctorate in Humanities from Colgate University in 2017
• Birthday Salutes by Garrison Keillor on NPR, beginning in 2012
• Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
• 1996 Andrew Gemant Award of the American Institute of Physics for linking science and the humanities
• Distinguished Alumni Award of the California Institute of Technology in 2003
• Distinguished Arts and Humanities Medal for Literature of the Germantown Arts Alliance of Tennessee in 2003
• 2006 John P. McGovern Science and Society Award by Sigma Xi
• Gold Medal for humanitarian service to Cambodia, awarded by the government of Cambodia

9. Partial Bibliography

9.1. Short Fiction

• "Maine Light," Boston Review, April/May 1996, http://bostonreview.net/BR21.2/lightman.html
• "Always Ask for Cash," Story, Winter 1997, https://www.dropbox.com/s/m5cfmsagpsdyunf/Always%20Ask%20for%20Cash.pdf?dl=0
• "On the Subway," from The Diagnosis, Pantheon Books, 2000,https://www.dropbox.com/s/usn4x0fbq8s8w33/On%20the%20Subway.pdf?dl=0
• "The Astronomer," from Reunion, Pantheon Books, 2003, https://www.dropbox.com/s/x7cqvhecjwp59n5/The%20Astronomer.pdf?dl=0
• "The Second Law of Thermodynamics," Physics Today, May 2005, https://www.dropbox.com/s/pm7x2qak249ghgf/The%20Second%20Law%20of%20Thermodynamics.pdf?dl=0
• "Reprisals," Daily Lit, December 2013, https://www.amazon.com/Reprisals-Kindle-Single-Alan-Lightman-ebook/dp/B00H2X0I46

9.2. Books

• Problem book in Relativity and Gravitation / Alan P. Lightman, W. H. Press, R. H. Price and S. A. Teukolsky. – Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, (1975). – ISBN:0-691-08160-3
• Radiative Processes in Astrophysics / George B. Rybicki, Alan P. Lightman. – New York : Wiley, (1979). – (A Wiley-Interscience publication). Rev edition (2004): ISBN:0-471-82759-2
• Revealing the Universe : Prediction and Proof in Astronomy / edited by James Cornell and Alan P. Lightman. – Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1982 ISBN:0-262-03080-2
• Time Travel and Papa Joe's Pipe / Alan P. Lightman ; with ten illustrations by Laszlo Kubinyi. – New York : Scribner, 1984. – ISBN:0-684-18112-6
• A Modern Day Yankee in a Connecticut Court : and Other Essays on Science. – New York : Viking Press, 1986. – ISBN:0-670-81239-0
• Origins : the Lives and Worlds of Modern Cosmologists / Alan Lightman and Roberta Brawer. – Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1990. – ISBN:0-674-64470-0
• Ancient Light : Our Changing View of the Universe. – Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1991. – ISBN:0-674-03362-0
• Great Ideas in Physics. – New York : McGraw-Hill, 1992. – ISBN:0-07-037935-1
• Time for the Stars : Astronomy in the 1990s. – New York, Viking Press, 1992. – ISBN:0-670-83976-0
• Einstein's Dreams. – New York : Pantheon Books, 1993. – ISBN:0-679-41646-3
• Good Benito. – New York : Pantheon Books, 1994. – ISBN:0-679-43614-6
• Dance for Two : Selected Essays. – New York : Pantheon Books, 1996. – ISBN:0-679-75877-1
• Great Ideas in Physics, 2nd ed. – New York : McGraw-Hill, 1997. – ISBN:0-07-038048-1
• Great Ideas in Physics : the Conservation of Energy, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the Theory of Relativity, and Quantum Mechanics. – 3rd ed. – New York : McGraw-Hill, 2000. – ISBN:0-07-135738-6
• The Diagnosis. – New York : Pantheon Books, 2000. – ISBN:0-375-72550-4
• The World is Too Much with Me : Finding Private Space in the Wired World. – Toronto : Hart House, University of Toronto, 2002. – (The Hart House lecture ; 2). – ISBN:0-9694382-2-2
• Reunion. – New York : Pantheon Books, 2003. – ISBN:0-375-42167-X
• Living With the Genie : Essays on Technology and the Quest for Human Mastery / edited by Alan Lightman, Daniel Sarewitz, Christina Desser. – Washington, DC : Island Press, 2003. – ISBN:1-55963-419-7
• Heart of the Horse / photographs by Juliet Van Otteren ; foreword by Jane Goodall ; text by Alan Lightman. – New York : Barnes & Noble, 2004. – ISBN:0-7607-5927-8
• The Discoveries : Great Breakthroughs in 20th Century Science. – New York : Pantheon Books, 2005. – ISBN:0-375-42168-8
• A Sense of the Mysterious : Science and the Human Spirit. – New York : Pantheon Books, 2005. – ISBN:0-375-42320-6
• Ghost. – New York : Pantheon Books, October 2007. – ISBN:978-0-375-42169-3
• Song of Two Worlds. – Natick MA : AK Peters, 2009. – ISBN:978-1-56881-463-6
• Mr g – New York, Pantheon Books, January 2012 – ISBN:978-0-307-37999-3
• The Accidental Universe - Pantheon Books 2014 - ISBN:978-0-307-90858-2
• Screening Room - Pantheon Books 2015
• Searching for Stars on an Island in Maine - Pantheon Books March 2018
• In Praise of Wasting Time - Simon and Schuster/TED 2018

9.3. Articles (Selected)

• Lightman, Alan P. (January 28, 1985). "The Talk of the Town: Halley's Comet". The New Yorker 60 (50): 21–22. 
• "A Brief Version of Time", The New York Times, Op-Ed Page, February 8, 1993.
• "My Back Pages," Boston Globe, Book Section, April 24, 1994.
• "The Uncertainty Principle," Technology Review, April 1996; also published under the title "Seasons"
• "Hallelujah," in A Place Within, ed. Jodi Daynard (New York: W.W. Norton) (1996)
• "The Contradictory Genius," The New York Review of Books, March 20, 1997.
• "A Cataclysm of Thought" The Atlantic Monthly, January 1999.
• "One Stuff," Harvard Magazine, July–August 1999.
• "In God's Place," The New York Times Magazine, September 19, 1999.
• "The Public Intellectual," MIT Symposium with Steven Pinker, December 2, 1999
• "The Writing Life," The Washington Post, Book World, April 23, 2000.
• "Portrait of the Writer as a Young Scientist," The New York Times, Science Times, May 9, 2000.
• "Capturing the Light," The New York Times, Op-Ed page, February 7, 2001.
• "In the Name of Love?," Nature, October 8, 2001.
• "Prisoners of the Wired World," Globe and Mail (Canada), March 16, 2002.
• "Megaton Man," New York Review of Books, May 23, 2002.
• "The Art of Science," New Scientist, December 28, 2002.
• "The Lure of Genius," Seed, Jan/Feb 2003.
• "Art that Transfigures Science," The New York Times, Arts and Ideas, March 15, 2003.
• "The World is Too Much with Me" in Living with the Genie, ed. Chris Deser, Alan Lightman, and Daniel Sarewitz
• "A Sense of the Mysterious," Daedalus, Fall 2003
• "Spellbound by the Eternal Riddle," The New York Times, Science Times, November 11, 2003
• "The Power of Books " (Letter from Cambodia), Boston Globe, Op-Ed, January 18, 2004
• "Einstein and Newton," Scientific American, September 2004
• "The Twilight Zone," in Prime Time, ed. Douglas Bauer (New York: Crown) (2004)
• "A Tale of Two Loves," Nature, March 17, 2005
• "The Second Law of Thermodynamics," Physics Today, May 2005
• "Red, White, and Bamboo," (Second Letter from Cambodia), The New York Times, Op-Ed Page, July 5, 2005
• "Moments of Truth," New Scientist, 19 November 2005
• "Wheels of Fortune," Science & Spirit, May–June 2006
• Tick Tock Watch the Clock, Globe and Mail, March 10, 2007
• "Does God Exist?: The case for reconciling the scientific with the divine - and against the anti-religion of Richard Dawkins" Salon.com, October 2, 2011
• "The Accidental Universe", Harper's Magazine, December 2011
• "The Temporary Universe," Tin House magazine, issue 51, Spring 2012
• "Our Place in the Universe," Harper's Magazine, December 2012
• "The Symmetrical Universe," Orion Magazine, March/April 2013
• "Longing for Permanence in a Fleeting Universe," Wall Street Journal, Speakeasy, February 13, 2014
• "Science and Religion," review of "Why Science Does not Disprove God," Washington Post, April 10, 2014
• "Our Lonely Home in Nature," New York Times, Op-Ed, May 3, 2014
• "Nothingness," Nautilus, August 28, 2014
• "Attention," The New Yorker, October 1, 2014
• "Harpswell Foundation Enables Education for Women in Cambodia," Pyxera Global/The New Global Citizen, August 4, 2015
• "The Ghost House of My Childhood" The New York Times Sunday Review, August 23, 2015
• "Splitting the Moon" Guernica, September 15. 2015
• What Came Before the Big Bang?" Harper's Magazine, January 2016
• "The Detection of Gravitational Waves and Patience" The Washington Post, Op-Ed, February 19, 2016
• "The Nature of Things: Why I Love Physics," Princeton Alumni Weekly, March 2, 2016
• "Faith in Science," Tin House, Spring 2016
• "The Ache for Order, the Virtue of Chance," Undark, February 22, 2016
• "My Personal Heroes in Science," Nautilus, December 30, 2016
• "Empowering Girls in Cambodia Starts with Dormitories," News Deeply, March 16, 2017
• "Thinking Big Thoughts about the Boundaries of Science," Washington Post, January 5, 2018
• "The Infinity of the Small," Harper's, March 2018
• "Consciousness," The Fabulist, March 2018
• "How the Heavens Fell to Earth," Nautilus, March 2018
• "Fact and Faith: Why Science and Spirituality are not Incompatible," BBC Focus, 5 April 2018
• "Meditations on Fact and Faith," Memphis Commercial Appeal, April 11, 2018
• "Deep Space," Downeast Magazine, April 2018
• review of Carlo Rovelli's "The Order of Time," New York Times Book Revie, May 14, 2018

9.4. Radio and Video (Selected)

• "The Intersection of Science and Art," Science Friday, NPR, 2005
• "I Believe in the Power of Mysteries," NPR, This I Believe, 2006
• "More than Just the Equations," Story Collider 2013
• "The Thrill of Discovery," Radiolab NPR
• "The Physicist as Novelist," TEDx, 2014
• "Is There Time," Chicago Ideas Week, 2015
• "Is Human Identity Just an Illusion? The Agnostic Perspective," Veritas Forum, Cambridge, 2016
• "Art and Science," Catalyst Conversations, 2018
• "Science and Spirituality," WBUR NPR Radio Boston, April 2018
• "Religion, Science, and Philosophy," Maine Public Radio, April 2018
• "You've Wasted Another Perfectly Good Hour and That's OK," KERA radio, May 24., 2018
• "Science and Spirituality," PBS Newshour, June 4, 2018
• "Science and the Meaning of Life," Heleo, June 6, 2018
• "In Praise of Wasting Time," Blinkist Simplify Podcast, June 7, 2018
• "Science and Religion: Two Truths or One?" conversation with Richard Dawkins, Imperial College London, September 20, 2018
• "Science and Spirituality,"Boston Book Festival/Christian Science Monitor, October 13. 2018