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Topic Review
ANNEXIN A1
ANXA1 is found in the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, being described at low levels in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of placental cells related to gestational diabetic diseases, and its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus has been associated with a response to DNA damage. The human ANXA1 gene is located on chromosome 19q24, and encodes a 37-kDa protein. ANXA1 has a central domain (C-terminal), consisting of four repeats of 70 to 80 amino acids, which are highly conserved and responsible for calcium affinity and binding to phospholipids.
  • 404
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Annexins and Membrane Repair Dysfunctions
Muscular dystrophies constitute a group of genetic disorders that cause weakness and progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass. Among them, Miyoshi muscular dystrophy 1 (MMD1), limb girdle muscular dystrophy type R2 (LGMDR2/2B), and LGMDR12 (2L) are characterized by mutation in gene encoding key membrane-repair protein, which leads to severe dysfunctions in sarcolemma repair. Cell membrane disruption is a physiological event induced by mechanical stress, such as muscle contraction and stretching. Like many eukaryotic cells, muscle fibers possess a protein machinery ensuring fast resealing of damaged plasma membrane. Members of the annexins A (ANXA) family belong to this protein machinery. ANXA are small soluble proteins, twelve in number in humans, which share the property of binding to membranes exposing negatively-charged phospholipids in the presence of calcium (Ca2+). Many ANXA have been reported to participate in membrane repair of varied cell types and species, including human skeletal muscle cells in which they may play a collective role in protection and repair of the sarcolemma. Here, we discuss the participation of ANXA in membrane repair of healthy skeletal muscle cells and how dysregulation of ANXA expression may impact the clinical severity of muscular dystrophies.
  • 607
  • 31 May 2021
Topic Review
Annin Rich Extracts Traditional Applications
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds historically utilized in textile and adhesive industries, but also in traditional human and animal medicines or foodstuffs.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Annona Seed Oils and Their Chemopreventive Potential
Annona fruit, leaves, seeds, roots, and bark have been conventionally used in many countries for medical treatments as they are considered ideal sources of pharmacologically active compounds, but Annona remains an underutilized fruit in many countries. Annona seed oil contains numerous health-benefiting factors such as vitamins, minerals, bioactive compounds, fatty acids, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds, which are responsible for various biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities.
  • 170
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)
Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud. ), traditionally utilised as a pasture species, has become the most problematic and difficult-to-control weed across grain production regions in Australia. Annual ryegrass has been favored by the adoption of conservation tillage systems due to its genetic diversity, prolific seed production, widespread dispersal, flexible germination requirements and competitive growth habit.
  • 737
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
ANO1 in Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common of rare hereditary diseases in Caucasians, and it is estimated to affect 75,000 patients globally. CF is a complex disease due to the multiplicity of mutations found in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene causing the CFTR protein to become dysfunctional. Although CFTR is the main chloride channel in the lungs, others could, e.g., anoctamin-1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A), compensate for the deficiency of CFTR. 
  • 935
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
ANO5 Gene
anoctamin 5
  • 341
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Anoikis in Brief
Anoikis, a term rooted in the Greek word "anoikos," meaning homelessness. Anoikis is a fundamental process in cellular biology, orchestrating programmed cell death when cells lose their anchorage by detaching from the extracellular matrix (ECM) or surrounding tissue. Beyond its crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, anoikis is deeply intertwined with the complex landscape of cancer biology, metastasis, and tissue regeneration. We embark on a journey through the molecular mechanisms governing anoikis, highlighting its significance in normal physiological processes. However, when it comes to cancer, anoikis dysregulation emerges as a harbinger of disease progression. Cancer cells acquire the ability to evade anoikis, empowering them to navigate the challenges of metastasis by surviving in the bloodstream and colonizing distant organs. They exhibit invasive capabilities, infiltrating neighboring tissues and fueling local tumor expansion. Moreover, this resistance extends to therapeutic interventions, making cancer cells resilient to conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy. We also explore the mechanisms behind cancer cells' evasion of anoikis, shedding light on alterations in apoptotic pathways, activation of survival signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the role of autophagy in promoting survival during detachment. The promising realm of targeting anoikis resistance in cancer treatment is unveiled, with approaches including apoptosis inducers, inhibitors of survival signaling, anti-EMT therapies, and autophagy inhibitors. These strategies hold potential to restore anoikis sensitivity in cancer cells and curb metastasis, offering hope to patients battling this relentless disease. Comprehending anoikis and its dysregulation in cancer is a pivotal step toward developing innovative therapeutic interventions. By targeting anoikis resistance, we aim to improve treatment outcomes, overcome therapy resistance, and ultimately provide renewed hope to cancer patients facing this formidable adversary.
  • 257
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Anomalocaridid
The Anomalocaridids comprise a group of very early marine animals known primarily from fossils found in Cambrian deposits in China , United States , Canada , Poland and Australia . They were long thought to be restricted to this Cambrian time range, but the discovery of large Ordovician specimens has extended this somewhat. The later Devonian Schinderhannes shows many anomalocaridid features. Although originally interpreted as an anomalocaridid-like arthropod, some recent studies suggest that it may represent an anomalocaridid: if so it would extend the group's record by some hundred million years: the non-mineralised anomalocaridid structure means they are absent from the intermediate fossil record. Anomalocaridids are the largest Cambrian animals known—some Chinese forms may have reached 2 m (7 ft) in length—and most of them were probably active carnivores.
  • 1.0K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
ANOS1 Gene
anosmin 1
  • 410
  • 24 Dec 2020
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