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Topic Review
Genetic Variations in Fruit Trees
Fruit trees provide essential nutrients to humans by contributing to major agricultural outputs and economic growth globally. However, major constraints to sustainable agricultural productivity are the uncontrolled proliferation of the population, and biotic and abiotic stresses. Tree mutation breeding has been substantially improved using different physical and chemical mutagens.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Actinobacteria and Environmental Adaptations
Actinobacteria are among the secondary metabolites producers and hold high pharmacological and commercial interest. It has great capability to produce secondary metabolites such as immunomodulators, antibiotics, anti-cancer drugs, growth factors, anthelminthic enzymes and herbicides.describes the historical isolation of bioactive compounds from Actinobacteria from the first isolation by Selman Waksman.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Chronic Atrial and Intestinal Dysrhythmia
Chronic atrial and intestinal dysrhythmia (CAID) is a disorder affecting the heart and the digestive system.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
SIRT1-NF-κB Axis
Inflammation is an adaptive response triggered by harmful conditions or stimuli, such as an infection or tissue damage pursuing homeostasis reestablishment. Liver diseases cause approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide and hepatic inflammation is a common factor to all of them, being the main driver of hepatic tissue damage and causing progression from NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) to NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), cirrhosis and, ultimately, HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma). The metabolic sensor SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase with strong expression in metabolic tissues such as liver, and transcription factor NF-κB, a master regulator of inflammatory response, show an antagonistic relationship in controlling inflammation. For this reason, SIRT1 targeting is emerging as a potential strategy to improve different metabolic and/or inflammatory pathologies. In this review, we explore diverse upstream regulators and some natural/synthetic activators of SIRT1 as possible therapeutic treatment for liver diseases.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
O-GlcNAcylation
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that occurs at serine and threonine residues of protein substrates by the addition of O-linked β-d-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. Two enzymes are involved in this modification: O-GlcNac transferase (OGT), which attaches the GlcNAc residue to the protein substrate, and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes it. This biological balance is important for many biological processes, such as protein expression, cell apoptosis, and regulation of enzyme activity.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Bacterial Vaccines in Poultry
Bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming have led to the development of AMR, which is a growing public health concern. Bacterial vaccines are alternative methods for controlling bacterial diseases in poultry, reducing the need for antibiotics and improving animal welfare. These vaccines come in different forms including live attenuated, killed, and recombinant vaccines, and they work by stimulating the immune system to produce a specific response to the target bacteria. There are many advantages to using bacterial vaccines in poultry, including reduced use of antibiotics, improved animal welfare, and increased profitability.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Microbial L-asparaginase Application in Food
L-asparaginase (E.C.3.5.1.1) hydrolyzes L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia, which has been widely applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Microbes have advantages for L-asparaginase production, and there are several commercially available forms of L-asparaginase, all of which are derived from microbes. Generally, L-asparaginase has an optimum pH range of 5.0–9.0 and an optimum temperature of between 30 and 60 °C. However, the optimum temperature of L-asparaginase from hyperthermophilic archaea is considerable higher (between 85 and 100 °C). The native properties of the enzymes can be enhanced by using immobilization techniques. The stability and recyclability of immobilized enzymes makes them more suitable for food applications. 
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Cyclosporine A-Implants in Veterinary Ophthalmology
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a selective and reversible immunosuppressant agent that is widely used as a medication for a wide spectrum of diseases in humans such as graft versus host disease, non-infectious uveitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, the CsA is used to treat keratoconjunctivitis sicca, chronic superficial keratitis, immune-mediated keratitis and equine recurrent uveitis in animals. The selective activity of Cyclosporine A (CsA) was demonstrated to be an immunomodulation characteristic of T-lymphocyte proliferation and inhibits cytokine gene expression. Moreover, the lipophilic characteristics with poor bioavailability and low solubility in water, besides the side effects, force the need to develop new formulations and devices that will provide adequate penetration into the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. 
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Fucoxanthin
Fucoxanthin is a well-known carotenoid of the xanthophyll family, mainly produced by marine organisms such as the macroalgae of the fucus genus or microalgae such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Fucoxanthin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but also several anticancer effects. Fucoxanthin induces cell growth arrest, apoptosis, and/or autophagy in several cancer cell lines as well as in animal models of cancer. Fucoxanthin treatment leads to the inhibition of metastasis-related migration, invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Fucoxanthin also affects the DNA repair pathways, which could be involved in the resistance phenotype of tumor cells. Moreover, combined treatments of fucoxanthin, or its metabolite fucoxanthinol, with usual anticancer treatments can support conventional therapeutic strategies by reducing drug resistance.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Genetic characterization in Korean horse
In modern times, horse breeds, mostly in horse racing, are the Thoroughbred varieties obtained by breeding three Godolphin Arabians with British mares in England. Especially in Jeju Island, Korea, Jeju horses have been introduced from Mongolia since the 13th century. They have contributed a lot to the agricultural community, but their population has been rapidly decreasing due to rapid agricultural industrialization. Therefore, we sympathize with Jeju horse-specific genetic variation and compare and analyze evolutionary correlations by utilizing Whole Genome Sequencing analysis to evaluate the genetic diversity of Jeju horses and preserve genetic information. We explored Jeju horse-specific genetic differences through a comparative analysis of large-capacity genomic data between the public database and a Thoroughbred variety. In order to adapt to the barren external environment, it is predicted that Jeju horses have experienced strong positive selection in the direction of accumulating many genetic variations, enough to cause functional differences in the eqCD1a6 gene to have an efficient immune function. In addition, we further validate the Jeju horse-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in the eqCD1a6 gene by employing the digital PCR method, a diagnostic technique for genetic variations.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Jul 2021
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