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Topic Review
WNT Signalling in Dental Pathologies
Great efforts have been made over the past decades to discover new therapeutic targets for a big variety of human pathologies. Most of the studies dealing with severe pathological conditions such as cancers and tissue malformations are focused on the role of either widely recognized master controlling genes such as ras and myc or pivotal components of key signalling pathways, among which Wnt and Notch. However, these genes and molecules are fundamental for paired embryogenesis as well as for tissue and organ homeostasis and regeneration, where they regulate cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis. The precise timing and localization of their activation are important to ensure the appropriate cellular functions in physiological conditions. Thus, their indiscriminate targeting is not desirable, due to both the high risk of severe side effects and the certainty of broad phenotypic consequences. On the contrary, optimal therapeutic targets should be selected based on their tissue, time and pathology specific roles. Here, we suggest a paradigmatic example of such target molecules that could be represented by the Wnt/b-catenin signalling components Bcl9 and Bcl9l. 
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Soybean Isoflavones
Soybeans are rich in proteins and lipids and have become a staple part of the human diet. Besides their nutritional excellence, they have also been shown to contain various functional components, including isoflavones, and have consequently received increasing attention as a functional food item. Isoflavones are structurally similar to 17-β-estradiol and bind to estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). The estrogenic activity of isoflavones ranges from a hundredth to a thousandth of that of estrogen itself. Isoflavones play a role in regulating the effects of estrogen in the human body, depending on the situation. Thus, when estrogen is insufficient, isoflavones perform the functions of estrogen, and when estrogen is excessive, isoflavones block the estrogen receptors to which estrogen binds, thus acting as an estrogen antagonist. In particular, estrogen antagonistic activity is important in the breast, endometrium, and prostate, and such antagonistic activity suppresses cancer occurrence. 
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Glycosylation of Cancer Extracellular Vesicles
Glycans are major constituents of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Alterations in the glycosylation pathway are a common feature of cancer cells, which gives rise to de novo or increased synthesis of particular glycans. Therefore, glycans and glycoproteins have been widely used in the clinic as both stratification and prognosis cancer biomarkers. Interestingly, several of the tumor-associated glycans have already been identified in cancer EVs, which constitutes valuable sources of cancer biomarkers. Furthermore, glycans have also shown to play a role in EV protein sorting, uptake and tropism. Altogether, the EV glycan signatures hold tremendous potential to be applied into the clinical setting for both biomarker discovery and as therapeutic delivery systems.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Genomics Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato Plant
Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae), generally known as tomato, is one of the most significant fruits that are nutritionally classified as a vegetable. It contains carotenoids (lycopene and carotene), phenolic compounds (flavonoids), vitamins (ascorbic acid, -tocopherol, vitamin A), glycoalkaloids (tomatine), and phytosterols (-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol).
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Biomineralization Forming Process
Biomineralization is a process in which organic matter and inorganic matter combine with each other under the regulation of living organisms. 
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Coatings Empowering Antiviral/Viricidal Properties
In the surge of the current, alarming scenario of SARS-CoV-2 infections, there is a immediate necessity for developing highly-innovative antiviral agents to work against the viruses with a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. Here-in, science-based methods, mechanisms, and procedures are implemented in obtaining resultant antiviral coated substrates, used in the destruction of the strains of the different viruses are presented. we pay particular attention to recent examples from the materials science and engineering field that highlight how some classes of antiviral drug candidates, such as polymeric materials, metal ions/metal oxides and functional nanomaterials result in acting against the viral spread. Based on the available literature and data, we also disclose some of the strategies for development of a universal and reusable virus deactivation system against the emerging COVID-19.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Autobiographical Memory
Autobiographical memory is a memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life, based on a combination of episodic (personal experiences and specific objects, people and events experienced at particular time and place) and semantic (general knowledge and facts about the world) memory. It is thus a type of explicit memory.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
CO in Fresh Meat Packaging
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of foods has been a promising area of research, but much remains to be known regarding the use of unconventional gases such carbon monoxide (CO). The use of CO for meat and seafood packaging is not allowed in most countries due to the potential toxic effect, and its use is controversial in some countries. The commercial application of CO in food packaging was not then considered feasible because of possible environmental hazards for workers. CO has previously been reported to mask muscle foods’ spoilage, and this was the primary concern raised for the prohibition, as this may mislead consumers. 
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Jul 2021
Topic Review
The Syngameon Enigma
When a group of three or more species are connected by hybridization, they form a syngameon.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Ebola Virus
Viral protein VP24 (VP24) from Ebola virus (EBOV) has been termed the minor matrix protein but its lipid-binding properties have not been investigated. Here, we found that VP24 lacks direct lipid-binding properties regardless of post-translational modification. VP24 interaction with the major matrix protein VP40 and selective plasma membrane localization were not detected, suggesting VP24 biological functions are not likely dependent on direct lipid binding.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Oct 2020
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