Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Degenerated Intervertebral Discs
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is one of the most common findings in CLBP patients. DDD is an inflammatory–catabolic process triggered by a long list of genetic, mechanical, and environmental factors that ultimately leads to the resorption of the IVD.
  • 758
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Aging
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) was first discovered during the transition of cells from the primitive streak during embryogenesis in chicks. 
  • 757
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
MSCs for Osteoarthritis Treatment
Osteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally been known as a “wear and tear” disease, which is mainly characterized by the degradation of articular cartilage and changes in the subchondral bone. Despite the fact that OA is often thought of as a degenerative disease, the catabolic products of the cartilage matrix often promote inflammation by activating immune cells. Current OA treatment focuses on symptomatic treatment, with a primary focus on pain management, which does not promote cartilage regeneration or attenuate joint inflammation. Since articular cartilage have no ability to regenerate, thus regeneration of the tissue is one of the key targets of modern treatments for OA. Cell-based therapies are among the new therapeutic strategies for OA. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively researched as potential therapeutic agents in cell-based therapy of OA due to their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes and their immunomodulatory properties that can facilitate cartilage repair and regeneration.
  • 724
  • 21 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Zinc Transport
Zinc is a micronutrient involved in many fundamental roles that are vital for routine bodily functions. A tight control of its concentration, however, is necessary to ensure balance inside the cells. Zinc transporters are thus essential to maintain cellular homeostasis.
  • 702
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Adipose Tissue Development
Despite developing prenatally, the adipose tissue is unique in its ability to undergo drastic growth even after reaching its mature size. Proper adipose tissue development relies on tightly regulated processes that require careful coordination and cooperation between many different cell types and their matrix cues.
  • 696
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Fracture-Healing Process
Fracture-healing is a complex multi-stage process that usually progresses flawlessly, resulting in restoration of bone architecture and function. Regrettably, however, a considerable number of fractures fail to heal, resulting in delayed unions or non-unions. This may significantly impact several aspects of a patient’s life.
  • 692
  • 27 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Polymers Used in Microfluidic Devices
Polymers are sustainable and renewable materials that are in high demand due to their excellent properties. Natural and synthetic polymers with high flexibility, good biocompatibility, good degradation rate, and stiffness are widely used for various applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and microfluidic chip fabrication. Indeed, the advances in microfluidic technology allow the fabrication of polymeric matrix to construct microfluidic scaffolds for tissue engineering and to set up a well-controlled microenvironment for manipulating fluids and particles. 
  • 682
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Glyoxal-Crosslinked Chitosan/Gelatin Hydrogel
The clinical application of human platelet lysate (HPL) holds promise for tissue regeneration, and the development of an efficient vehicle for its delivery is desired. Chitosan-based hydrogels are potential candidates, but they often exhibit weak mechanical properties. In this study, a chitosan/gelatin (CS-GE) hydrogel crosslinked by glyoxal was fabricated for sustained release of HPL. After an ideal glyoxal concentration was determined, we further characterized the crosslinked CS-GE hydrogels encapsulated with different amounts of HPL. The HPL-incorporated hydrogel was shown to significantly promote the proliferation of Hs68 cells and the migration of HUVECs. Moreover, the release pattern of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) from hydrogel was examined in vitro, demonstrating a sustained release profile of the growth factors. Finally, the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay revealed that HPL encapsulation in the hydrogel significantly stimulated angiogenesis in ovo. These results demonstrate the great potential of the crosslinked CS-GE hydrogel to serve as an effective delivery system for HPL to promote tissue regeneration. 
  • 678
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Vascularization in Bone Tissue Engineering
Bone is a highly vascularized tissue, and its development, maturation, remodeling, and regeneration are dependent on a tight regulation of blood vessel supply. This condition also has to be taken into consideration in the context of the development of artificial tissue substitutes. In classic tissue engineering, bone-forming cells such as primary osteoblasts or mesenchymal stem cells are introduced into suitable scaffolds and implanted in order to treat critical-size bone defects.
  • 666
  • 31 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Biomaterials for 3D Tissue Models
The techniques involved in culturing cells are critical as results are based on cellular response to drugs, cellular cues, external stimuli, and human physiology. In order to establish in vitro cultures, cells are either isolated from normal or diseased tissue and allowed to grow in two or three dimensions. Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture methods involve the proliferation of cells on flat rigid surfaces resulting in a monolayer culture, while in three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, the additional dimension provides a more accurate representation of the tissue milieu. 
  • 666
  • 01 Feb 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 28
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Feedback