Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Oral Microbiota in Patients with Peri-Implant Disease
Peri-implant infections are the most common complications related to the placement of dental implants. There are many microbial similarities between peri-implantitis and periodontitis but due to current laboratory techniques there are just as many differences. The peri-implant microbiota presents a lower microbial quality than the periodontal microbiota, becoming increasingly complex as it progresses from peri-implant mucositis to peri-implantitis. The microbial difference detected between the peri-implant and periodontal microbiota is primarily related to whole bacterial populations, rather than specific bacterial taxa. The use of probiotics could support the reduction of peri-implant pockets, in association with mechanical debridement, due to their mechanism of action of competitive inhibition for adhesion sites. The peri-implant microbiota represents a qualitatively inferior but quantitatively superior bacterial ecosystem for some bacterial genera compared to the periodontal microbiota, showing that a progression from healthy state to peri-implantitis causes changes in microbiota composition in the absence of specific disease-causing bacteria.
  • 430
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Improving Consistency of Photobiomodulation Therapy
One of the molecular mechanisms for this treatment implicates the mitochondrial enzyme, cytochrome C oxidase. However, the efficacy and consistency of clinical outcomes with photobiomodulation treatments has been fiercely debated. This work was motivated by this need to improve photobiomodulation devices and delivery approaches.
  • 429
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Novel Antibacterial Approaches for Eradicating Dental Biofilm
Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that affects tooth-supporting soft/hard tissues of the dentition. The dental plaque biofilm is considered as a primary etiological factor in susceptible patients; however, other factors contribute to progression, such as diabetes and smoking. Current management utilizes mechanical biofilm removal as the gold standard of treatment. Antibacterial agents might be indicated in certain conditions as an adjunct to this mechanical approach. Studies suggest efficacy in the use of adjunctive antimicrobials in patients with grade C periodontitis of young age or where the associated risk factors are inconsistent with the amount of bone loss present. Meanwhile, alternative approaches such as photodynamic therapy and probiotics showed limited supportive evidence, and more studies are warranted to validate their efficiency.
  • 429
  • 20 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Medication-Induced Dry Mouth
Dry mouth is common among older people, affecting between 20% and 30% of those over 65. There are two aspects to the condition. Salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) is the state of having low salivary flow, while xerostomia refers to the subjective sensation of dry mouth.
  • 426
  • 21 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Clinical Applications of the Microbiome in Oral Mucositis
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and impactful toxicity of standard cancer therapy, affecting up to 80% of patients. Its aetiology centres on the initial destruction of epithelial cells and the increase in inflammatory signals. These changes in the oral mucosa create a hostile environment for resident microbes, with oral infections co-occurring with OM, especially at sites of ulceration. However, increasing evidence suggests that oral microbiome changes occur beyond opportunistic infection, with a growing appreciation for the potential role of the microbiome in OM development and severity.
  • 426
  • 19 May 2023
Topic Review
The Oral Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis Equivalent
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis is crucial in regulating thyroid hormone levels that contribute to the development and homeostasis of the human body. Studies supports the presence of a local HPT axis equivalent within keratinocytes, with thyroid hormones playing a potential role in cancer progression. 
  • 424
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Stem Cell Transplantation/Cell-Free Treatment for Periodontal Regeneration
Many in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the efficacy of stem cell transplantation for the regeneration of periodontal tissues over the past 20 years. Although positive evidence has accumulated regarding periodontal regeneration using stem cells, the exact mechanism of tissue regeneration is still largely unknown. 
  • 423
  • 29 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Endodontic Regenerative Procedures in Necrotic Adult Teeth
Regenerative endodontic procedures (from now on REPs) have been defined as ‘biologically based procedures that intend to physiologically replace damaged tooth structures, including dentine and root, as well as cells of the pulp–dentin complex’. REPs were first exclusively developed for the treatment of immature teeth, with the purpose of achieving a complete root development. Nevertheless, these procedures can also restore tooth vitality and pulp functions thanks to the pulp tissue regeneration. Thus, sensibility, immunity, healing, and restorative properties of dental pulp would also be recovered, in turn reducing the chances of reinfection. For that reason, the feasibility of this treatment in mature teeth should be further studied, as until now, conservative treatment for irreversible necrosis or pulpitis has been limited to conventional endodontic therapy. 
  • 422
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
Role of Oral Microbiome on Oral Cancer
Oral cancer (OC) is the most common neoplasm in the head and neck region. OCs are defined as cancers of the tongue, the floor of the oral cavity, the lining of the cheeks, the roof of the oral cavity, the gums, and the lips but do not include laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers. The majority of OCs comprise oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The oral microbiome hosts more than 750 common oral species. A healthy microbiome usually consists of Streptococci, Staphylococci, Neisseria species, and about 50 other aerobes. The consensus is that a normal mouth microbiome consists mainly of aerobes, while the percentage of anaerobes increases with OC (and other pathological oral conditions). The connection that exists between microbes and carcinoma is complex and influenced by a number of factors, such as the vulnerability and genetic makeup of the host, as well as environmental conditions, including the host’s dietary regime, oral hygiene, and tobacco and alcohol use.
  • 422
  • 19 May 2023
Topic Review
CAD/CAM Abutments versus Stock Abutments
CAD/CAM abutments allow individualization of abutment parameters with respect to soft tissue, allow increased fracture toughness, predict the failure mode, show no change in the fracture toughness over time, reduce the prosthetic steps, and reduce the functional implant prosthesis score and pain perceived by patients in the early stages. The advantages associated with the use of stock abutments mainly concern the risk of corrosion, time spent, cost, and fit, evaluated in vitro, in the implant–abutment connection. Equal conditions are present regarding the mechanical characteristics during dynamic cycles, screw loss, radiographic fit, and degree of micromotion.
  • 418
  • 31 Aug 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 34
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback