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Topic Review
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation for Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease is a complex disease that involves an imbalance between the oral microbiota and an individual’s inflammatory response. Moreover, the inflammatory response contributes to further imbalance; if left untreated, periodontal disease may result in tooth loss. Vitamin D is intricately involved in the regulation of calcium–phosphate homeostasis and bone mineral metabolism; considering that periodontal surgery usually includes regenerative therapy, adequate vitamin D and calcium levels are essential.
  • 815
  • 19 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection in Dental Practice
Dental professionals and patients are exposed to a high risk of COVID-19 infection, particularly in the prosthodontic practice, because of the bio-aerosol produced during teeth preparation with dental handpieces and the strict contact with oral fluids during impression making. 
  • 472
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Obesity, Bone Loss, and Periodontitis
Obesity and periodontitis are both common health concerns that have given rise to considerable economic and societal burden worldwide. There are established negative relationships between bone metabolism and obesity, obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM), and DM and periodontitis, to name a few, with osteoporosis being considered a long-term complication of obesity. In the oral cavity, bone metabolic disorders primarily display as increased risks for periodontitis and alveolar bone loss. Obesity-driven alveolar bone loss and mandibular osteoporosis have been observed in animal models without inoculation of periodontopathogens. Clinical reports have also indicated a possible association between obesity and periodontitis.
  • 373
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 and Oral Health
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China, was first reported to the China Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO), on 31 December 2019. These initial cases were linked to an animal wet market. The SARS-CoV-2 and its virulent variants cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is highly contagious and spreads rapidly. The WHO declared it a global emergency on 30 January 2020, and a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 genome was identified to be 70–80% identical to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and several bat coronaviruses. The similarity between these coronaviruses suggests that the bat may be the natural host and potential reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, which may have been inadvertently transmitted to humans. SARS-CoV-2 transmits readily via droplet transmission; other modes of transmission may include aerosol and oral-fecal routes. It can also be transmitted via contact with infected surfaces and oral fluids. This puts dentists and healthcare professionals at risk of COVID-19 infections, and highlights dental and medical offices as a main risk setting for cross infection of patients and healthcare professionals. Mask, face shields, handwashing, and personal protective equipment (PPE) are currently used in dental and medical facilities for COVID-19 prevention consistent with CDC guidelines.
  • 452
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Prevalence and Features of Oral Lesions in COVID-19
Regardless of rapidly emerging findings on oral lesions described in adult SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects, the evidence level remains quite low and rather contrasting. It is well known that multiple viral pathogens, first of all, Herpes and human Papilloma viruses, are directly responsible for the genesis of benign, potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the oral mucosa, underlining the necessity to examine the potential causative role of SARS-CoV-2 in oral lesions. 
  • 458
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Disinfectants to Clean Thermoplastic Polymeric Appliances in Orthodontics
Chemical disinfectants can use corrosion of the thermoplastic appliances and change in color, resulting in shorter service life. It is difficult to determine the optimum disinfection time interval of chemical disinfectants, and most often, the treatments are not aligned with the consumer use patterns, making it difficult in regard to cleaning patterns.
  • 692
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Biomimetic Implant Surfaces
The increased use of dental implants in oral rehabilitation has been followed by the development of new biomaterials as well as improvements in the performance of biomaterials already in use inspired by the properties of the tissues to be replaced. An implant is considered osseointegrated when there is no relative movement between the implant and the bone and no symptoms under a loading force. It is now known that surface topography is one of the key biomimetic factors that can directly affect the proliferation, structure, and alignment of human cells and their function and is also considered to be a critical determinant of cell adhesion.
  • 623
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
PEEK in Fixed Dental Prostheses
The success of a fixed dental restoration depends on three key factors: biomechanical behavior (wear resistance and fracture resistance), marginal fit, and aesthetics, generating extremely strict demands for the restoration material. Zirconia has become a popular alternative to metal in fixed dental prostheses, known for its excellent aesthetics. More importantly, zirconia exhibits better wear resistance than metal and alloys. PEEK is proposed as a promising alternative material to zirconia because of its superior mechanical properties. PEEK is also significantly less abrasive than zirconia. 
  • 653
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Antifungals in Preventing Oropharyngeal Candidiasis among HIV-Infected Adults
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is attributed to the overgrowth of the commensal fungi, Candida spp., in the mouth and throat. Among HIV-infected adults, there is an increased risk of developing OPC due to the loss of cell-mediated immunity. Fluconazole can be considered as an effective agent with a better safety profile for the prevention of OPC in HIV-infected adults.
  • 393
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Hypothetical Model of Clinical Remount Benefits Existing Dentures
The clinical remount procedure, which involves remounting the dentures on an articulator with interocclusal records, can effectively reduce occlusal discrepancies. This procedure can be applied not only to new dentures but also to those already in service. Performing a clinical remount on these existing dentures would enhance the oral function of the denture wearer and would enable effective and accurate correction of the accumulated errors in the jaw relationship in a stable working environment. The clinical remount procedure should be performed if a patient has poor masticatory function or occlusion-related complaints. This procedure remains an essential skill both for fabricating quality dentures and maintaining those already in service.
  • 514
  • 20 Jun 2022
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