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Topic Review
Urban Spatial Structures in Historic Cities
The role of culture in urban competitiveness is becoming increasingly important. How historic cities identify and protect the spatial structures formed since ancient times, which are the carriers of urban culture, has become an important issue.
  • 79
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Muhajir (Pakistani)
The Muhajir (Urdu: مہاجر‎, also spelled Mahajir and Mohajir) are Muslim immigrants, of multi-ethnic origin, and their descendants, who migrated from various regions of India after the Partition of India to settle in the newly independent state of Pakistan . The term Muhajirs refers to those Muslim migrants from India who mostly settled in urban Sindh.
  • 5.7K
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Modern Movement Housing Estate Architecture in Turkey
Since the late nineteenth century, factors such as increasing industrialisation, urbanisation, technological advances, political events, and population growth have profoundly influenced architecture and related disciplines. This shift from traditional values became apparent in evolving living conditions, daily realities, and urban environments, making the “modern” evident across various domains. Modern architecture, finding the appropriate solutions to the concerns of the Industrial Revolution, introduced new perspectives and approaches in architecture and urbanism. As society modernised, advancements across various sectors laid the groundwork for architectural designs that catered to new materials and incorporated scientific and technical innovations.
  • 96
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Information Systems in Effective Management of Human Resources
The effective management of human resources (HR) is crucial for the success of any organization, and information systems play a vital role in supporting and enhancing HR functions. Integrating information systems with HR practices has become increasingly important in today's technologically advanced business environment. Information systems are integral to effectively managing human resources by streamlining processes, improving data management and analytics, enhancing recruitment and talent management, enabling employee self-service, ensuring compliance, and supporting remote work. As technology continues to evolve, the role of information systems in HR management is likely to expand and become even more sophisticated.
  • 493
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Colors in Medieval Illuminations of Alfonso X
The intellectual action associated with Alfonso X, king of the Crown of Castile (r. 1252-84), known as the Learned, is one of the most brilliant cultural enterprises of the medieval West. 
  • 86
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Biblical Cosmology
Biblical cosmology is the biblical writers' conception of the cosmos as an organised, structured entity, including its origin, order, meaning and destiny. The Bible was formed over many centuries, involving many authors, and reflects shifting patterns of religious belief; consequently, its cosmology is not always consistent. Nor do the biblical texts necessarily represent the beliefs of all Jews or Christians at the time they were put into writing: the majority of those making up Hebrew Bible or Old Testament in particular represent the beliefs of only a small segment of the ancient Israelite community, the members of a late Judean religious tradition centered in Jerusalem and devoted to the exclusive worship of Yahweh. The ancient Israelites envisaged a universe made up of a flat disc-shaped Earth floating on water, heaven above, underworld below. Humans inhabited Earth during life and the underworld after death; there was no way that mortals could enter heaven, and the underworld was morally neutral; only in Hellenistic times (after c. 330 BCE) did Jews begin to adopt the Greek idea that it would be a place of punishment for misdeeds, and that the righteous would enjoy an afterlife in heaven. In this period too the older three-level cosmology in large measure gave way to the Greek concept of a spherical earth suspended in space at the center of a number of concentric heavens. The opening words of the Genesis creation narrative (Genesis 1:1–26) sum up the biblical editors' view of how the cosmos originated: "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth"; Yahweh, the God of Israel, was solely responsible for creation and had no rivals, implying Israel's superiority over all other nations. Later Jewish thinkers, adopting ideas from Greek philosophy, concluded that God's Wisdom, Word and Spirit penetrated all things and gave them unity. Christianity in turn adopted these ideas and identified Jesus with the Logos (Word): "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God" (John 1).
  • 3.2K
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Nara Palace Site
The Nara period in Japan was a short but volatile historical era that left behind a huge amount of cultural property across the country. Most of the related sites have been recognized by UNESCO as deserving of World Cultural Heritage status or are classified by the Japanese government as particularly important national heritage. This is especially true of the Nara Palace site, with its outstanding conservation achievements and reconstruction of Japanese architectural heritage.
  • 108
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Language of Deception
Digital forensic investigations are becoming increasingly crucial in criminal investigations and civil litigations, especially in cases of corporate espionage and intellectual property theft as more communication occurs online via e-mail and social media. Deceptive opinion spam analysis is an emerging field of research that aims to detect and identify fraudulent reviews, comments, and other forms of deceptive online content. 
  • 381
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Exposures on the Learning of L2 Binomials
While both fish and chips and chips and fish are perfectly grammatical phrases in English, native speakers are much more likely to say the former than the latter. For second language learners, this poses a considerable challenge: they need to learn what grammatical utterances are more probable.
  • 118
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Dutch Expedition to Southern Chile (1643)
The following article analyzes how the Dutch expedition to southern Chile during the 17th century (1642–1643) was narrated, in Dutch and in its translations into German, English, and Spanish, considering the interests of empires and the discursive differences that translational variations reveal. This transdisciplinary analysis, combining historiography, translation studies, and historical geography, consists of a critical reading of the original narration and a comparative reading of the aforementioned translations, and within them ethnographic representations made about the Mapuche-Huilliche people and the city of Valdivia and changes introduced by different translations are identified.
  • 622
  • 04 Jan 2024
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