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Topic Review
Machine Learning for Crop Disease
Crop diseases constitute a serious issue in agriculture, affecting both quality and quantity of agriculture production. Disease control has been a research object in many scientific and technologic domains. Technological advances in sensors, data storage, computing resources and artificial intelligence have shown enormous potential to control diseases effectively. A growing body of literature recognizes the importance of using data from different types of sensors and machine learning approaches to build models for detection, prediction, analysis, assessment, etc. However, the increasing number and diversity of research studies requires a literature review for further developments and contributions in this area. 
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Opportunities of Concentrated Solar Power
Concentrated solar power (CSP) has been considered an emerging technology that could disrupt the energy production sector. The possibility to store the electricity generated during the sunny operating hours in the form of heat enhances energy dispatchability and gives CSP a unique value proposition that conventional renewable energies cannot provide cost-efficiently since it requires the integration of costly large-scale battery systems. 
  • 1.0K
  • 10 May 2021
Topic Review
GeoAI in Integrated Hydrological and Fluvial Systems Modeling
Geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI) allows the harnessing of big and high-dimensional data to better understand the hydrological processes in a particular system. Specifically, GeoAI provides new data analytic tools to the entire data processing cycle, such as sensor data fusion, hydrological modeling, data assimilation, multi-objective scenario optimization, smart decision support, evaluation of climate change impact, construction of early warning systems, and geo-visualization. 
  • 1.0K
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Digital Geologic Mapping
Digital geologic mapping is the process by which geological features are observed, analyzed, and recorded in the field and displayed in real-time on a computer or personal digital assistant (PDA). The primary function of this emerging technology is to produce spatially referenced geologic maps that can be utilized and updated while conducting field work.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Advanced Energy Management System of Campus Microgrids
Distributed generation connected with AC, DC, or hybrid loads and energy storage systems is known as a microgrid. Campus microgrids are an important load type. A university campus microgrids, usually, contains distributed generation resources, energy storage, and electric vehicles. 
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Wind Farms and Humidity
Several investigations have shown that enhanced mixing brought about by wind turbines alters near-surface meteorological conditions within and downstream of a wind farm. When scalar meteorological parameters have been considered, the focus has most often centered on temperature changes. A subset of these works has also considered humidity to various extents. These limited investigations are complemented by just a few studies dedicated to analyzing humidity changes. With onshore wind turbines often sited in agricultural areas, any changes to the microclimate surrounding a turbine can impact plant health and the length of the growing season; any changes to the environment around an offshore wind farm can change cloud and fog formation and dissipation, among other impacts. This article provides a review of observational field campaigns and numerical investigations examining changes to humidity within wind turbine array boundary layers. Across the range of empirical observations and numerical simulations, changes to humidity were observed in stably stratified conditions. In addition to the role of atmospheric stability, this review reveals that the nature of the change depends on the upstream moisture profile; robustness of the mixing; turbine array layout; distance from the turbine, in all three directions; and vertical temperature profile.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Subsistence Farming of Smallholder Agroforestry Systems in Indonesia
Subsistence farming is defined as self-sufficient farming in which farmers focus on cultivating sufficient quantities of food for their families. However, there are still many cases of poverty among farmers due to a lack of ability to adopt advanced technology. Small land tenure, low literacy rates, and lack of forest maintenance are the main causes of the subsistence of small agroforestry farmers. Another reason is that subsistence-oriented agroforestry practices are considered a strong form of smallholder resilience. To reduce the subsistence level of farmers, government intervention is needed, especially in providing managerial assistance packages, capital assistance, and the marketing of forest products. 
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Voisin Rational Grazing and Its Four Principles
This entry briefly describes the need to promote sustainable agriculture, proposing Voisin Rational Grazing (VRG) as an alternative livestock production system as a way to address sustainability in all its dimensions. It describes the four VRG principles that allows this livestock production system to attain high productive standards while boosting social, cultural and environmental characteristics within the pastoral ecosystem.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Urban Futures Lab
Fonded in 2018 by Dr. Steffen Lehmann, the interdisciplinary  Urban Futures Lab is a collaboration between three units at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas: UNLV School of ArchitectureUNLV Howard R. Hughes College of EngineeringUNLV Greenspun College of Urban AffairsThe Urban Futures Lab (UFLab) has partners from industry and government contributing to the following research program.
  • 1.0K
  • 12 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Education for Sustainable Development in Teacher Education
Teachers play a crucial role in supporting the development of students’ environmental knowledge and skills for responding to environmental change. Education for sustainable development (ESD) involves holistic, transformational and lifelong learning processes that aim to enhance the cognitive, social, emotional and behavioural dimensions of learning.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Nov 2023
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