Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Preparation of Gaseous Biofuels from Kitchen Waste
Kitchen waste is an important component of domestic waste, and it is both harmful and rich in resources. Biofuels generally refer to solid, liquid or gaseous fuels made from biological organisms and their metabolic excretions. Biofuels are pollution-free, locally available, sustainable and reliable. Biodiesel, bioalcohols (ethanol and butanol), biomethane, and biohydrogen are the typical representatives of gaseous and liquid biofuels.
  • 380
  • 17 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Combustion and Stubble Burning Effluent Emissions
Combustion is an essential process for humanity, but it has created turbulence in society due to the pollutant emissions from the partial completion of its process and its byproducts. According to the system of air quality and weather forecasting and research (SAFAR), stubble burning’s contribution to air pollution (as PM) was 25% in 2021, 32% in 2020, and 19% in 2019, while the fire count between September and November was 71,304 in 2021, and 83,002 in 2020, respectively. This has been known to directly affect Delhi’s air quality index (AQI). Combustion effluents are generated in response to the behavior of the burning process and product toxicity, which further resides in the fire plot (orientation and fuel’s shape), material composition, oxygen concentration, and temperature.
  • 487
  • 17 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Eco-Agricultural Industrial Chain
In the chain of the eco-agricultural industry, suitable technology should be selected according to the local characteristics from different stages of the source, the process, and the end. In detail, the scientific and proper use of pesticides and fertilizers should be promoted, as well as the application of the biological humic acid organic fertilizer in cultivation. In terms of breeding, it is important to control the source of ecological feed to achieve nutrient recycling. In the processing of agricultural products, all related wastes should be fully utilized for ecological feeds and biological organic fertilizers. In the field of rural living, suitable technology should be chosen according to the actual situation in order to achieve in situ sewage disposal and recycling utilization. Based on all these technological measures and helpful policymaking procedures, water resource protection and water quality improvement could be realized ultimately with the combination of these technologies in the chain of the eco-agricultural industry.
  • 312
  • 16 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Hexavalent Chromium Removal by Electrochemical Processes
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic species. Its origin is in industrial activities. Therefore, its effective control is realized on a source basis. Although chemical methods proved effective in removing Cr(VI) from wastewaters, more economic solutions with a minimum sludge production have been sought. Among them, the use of electrochemical processes has emerged as a viable solution to the problem. Much research was conducted in this area.
  • 438
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Microplastics on Soil Health and Functioning
Since plastic debris is highly resistant to environmental degradation, a growing presence of plastics in all the ecosystems has been confirmed. Among them, plastic particles < 5 mm, also known as microplastics (MPs), are of special concern because they are dispersed in aerial, terrestrial and aquatic environments, being the soil the main environmental sink of these contaminants. Due to their large specific surface area and hydrophobicity, MPs are considered good adsorbents for other environmental organic pollutants also present in terrestrial ecosystems, such as pharmaceuticals, personal-care products or pesticides with which they can interact and thus modify their environmental fate. 
  • 290
  • 14 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Additives Used in Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion involves the degradation of a biodegradable substance, such as sewage sludge by anaerobic microorganisms in an oxygen-free system.
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs/Synergies of Karst Desertification Control
Ecosystem services, as the term of a scientific period, began in 1970 with the publication of the UN University’s report on “Human Impact on the Global Environment”. Since then, Costanza has proposed that ecosystem services are benefits derived directly or indirectly by human beings from the ecosystem, which are used to maintain the natural environmental conditions and utilities on which human beings depend for survival and development. Trade-offs, as a fundamental concept, first appeared in economics and were defined as opportunity costs. Where resources are scarce, an individual or group must give up a certain amount of additional scarce resources to obtain more of the scarce resources. Karst desertification refers to the land degradation phenomenon caused by the disturbance and destruction of unreasonable human social and economic activities under the fragile karst environment in the subtropical zone, which is manifested by soil erosion, gradual rock exposure, land productivity degradation, and a desert-like landscape on the surface. The results of management over the years show that forests, as the main provider of ecosystem services, have the functions of water conservation, soil and water conservation, carbon sequestration, and climate change mitigation. In particular, they play an irreplaceable role in managing karst desertification.
  • 533
  • 13 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Strategies of Selenium Biofortification
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals. Biofortification is a quick, efficient, and sustainable way to lower micronutrient deficiencies. The strategies of biofortification are the approaches employed to achieve biofortification. Plants and animal produce are classified as biofortified when there is an increase in the Se content in the edible portions of plants and food animals.
  • 357
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Soil Health for Water-Limited Environments of the USA
Soil health assessment indicates how well soil contributes to ecosystem services and can predict the ability of soils to provide those services if an adopted management scenario continues. Soil health is often evaluated by measuring various indicators within three main categories: physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, which provide insight into key soil functions. 
  • 441
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
The Plastisphere Micro-Niche and Biodegradation
The particular characteristics of the plastic matrix, such as its floating ability and hydrophobicity, have created a new unique substratum for microbial colonization. The new micro-niche thus created becomes occupied by a specific biofilm called the plastisphere.
  • 637
  • 10 Mar 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 271
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback