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Topic Review
Desalination
Access to clean, potable water is crucial for all living beings and is used for various purposes such as drinking, household activities, agriculture, and industrial processes. The impact of water scarcity affects many parts of the world, with approximately 3.7 billion people currently experiencing water scarcity. Solar desalination systems are a promising solution to the water scarcity problem since the majority of the earth’s water resources are salty. With the increasing focus on desalination research, many innovative methods are being developed to extract salts from saline water. Energy consumption is a significant concern in desalination, and renewable energy, particularly solar energy, is considered a viable alternative to fossil fuel energy.
  • 453
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Agroforestry: Opportunities and Challenges in Timor-Leste
Agro forestry is a land management system that integrates trees, agriculture crops, and animal farming in order to provide a diverse range of ecosystem services. Timor-Leste, the newest country and one of the least developed countries, has faced multidimensional challenges on land use management, including deforestation, land degradation, and poverty. The agroforestry system is recognized as one of the viable options for balancing the socio-economic needs and ecological functions of the lands in Timor-Leste.
  • 543
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Dioxide Storage
Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies are regarded as an economically feasible way to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. By chemically reacting CO2 with calcium or magnesium-containing minerals, mineral carbonation technology creates stable carbonate compounds that do not require ongoing liability or monitoring. In addition, using industrial waste residues as a source of carbonate minerals appears as an option because they are less expensive and easily accessible close to CO2 emitters and have higher reactivity than natural minerals. Among those geological formations for CO2 storage, carbon microbubbles sequestration provides the economic leak-free option of carbon capture and storage. 
  • 339
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Smart Cities and Natural Disasters
Smart Cities are cities that use technology and data to improve the quality of life for their citizens, enhance sustainability, and increase efficiency in urban services. Natural disasters refer to events that occur in nature and cause significant damage or loss of life. Smart Cities have the potential to play a significant role in preparing for and responding to natural disasters. By using technology and data to monitor and manage urban infrastructure, cities can improve their resilience and ability to respond to disasters quickly and effectively. This research explores the potential benefits of Smart Cities in enhancing resilience during natural disasters, the challenges in implementing Smart City technologies, and the solutions to overcome these challenges.
  • 330
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Practical Application of Temperature Indices in Horticulture
Temperature is the basic factor that differentiates vegetation around the world. All field experiments require the indication of the range of temperatures occurring in a given growing season. Temperature is an important factor determining fruit plant production, both in the growing season and in the winter dormant period. Various air temperature indicators were developed in a way that allowed the best possible description of adaptations of species, cultivars, and regions of adaptations to cultivation. They are based on experimentally obtained data and calculated optimal temperatures of growth and development of plants in particular development stages. In horticulture, the description of dependencies of the growth and development of plants on weather began to be accompanied with the development of simulation models.
  • 265
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
The Relevance of Perception in Landscape Framework
The relationship with bicycle infrastructure is lacking in current empirical research on user perceptions, which, on the contrary, studies emphasize aesthetic quality or visual surveys.  As the cycling infrastructure is a key area for commuting, shopping, entertainment, and recreation in urban communities, a thorough understanding of users’ perceptions of the environment is needed. Landscape and bicycle infrastructure cause a different perception as psychological factors interact based on the function of use. Bicycle spaces are small, enclosed, and lack contact with nature because they are often designed with inappropriate criteria. The bicycle infrastructure is seen in full harmony and potential with the landscape if there is contact with nature. These physical elements affect the sorts of landscape- or user-oriented policies and procedures that attempt to increase user satisfaction levels for the former and landscape promotion for the latter, in addition to cultural and psychological considerations.
  • 386
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Tire Particles in Urban Parks
Tire particles (TPs) are a major source of emission of micro and nanoplastics into the environment. Although most TPs are deposited in soil or freshwater sediments and have been shown to accumulate in organisms, most research has focused on leachate toxicity, neglecting the potential effects of particles and their impact ecotoxicological on the environment.
  • 311
  • 19 May 2023
Topic Review
Endophytes in Agricultural Crops
Endophytes—both bacteria and fungi—have emerged as highly potent natural resources, which have been utilised to improve stress tolerances of plants post-inoculation and decreased susceptibility to diseases and predators.
  • 406
  • 19 May 2023
Topic Review
Threats to Aquatic Stage of Amphibian Life Cycle
The aquatic stage of biphasic amphibians typically represents a phase of rapid growth and development. For many amphibians the aquatic life cycle starts when females deposit gelatinous eggs in the water, which are externally fertilized by a male during amplexus. After a period of development, the embryos hatch and enter the larval stage.
  • 548
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Harnessing the Power of AI for Pollution Reduction
Pollution is a major global problem that affects the environment, human health, and the economy. Fortunately, AI has the potential to play a significant role in reducing pollution and mitigating its effects. How AI can be used to improve the efficiency of industrial processes, enhance environmental monitoring, develop predictive models, and support citizen science initiatives to reduce pollution were described here.
  • 306
  • 17 May 2023
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