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Topic Review
Social Vulnerability to Floods in Malaysia
Flood disasters, a natural hazard throughout human history, have caused significant damage to human safety and infrastructure. Demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare crucially determine social vulnerability to adverse flood events. 
  • 351
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Social Vulnerability of Landslide Hazard
Landslides represent one of the world’s most dangerous and widespread risks, annually causing thousands of deaths and billions of dollars worth of damage. Building on and around hilly areas in many regions has increased, and it poses a severe threat to the physical infrastructure and people living within such zones. Quantitative assessment of social vulnerability is worrying because it has been given less attention than hazard-related studies.
  • 1.9K
  • 15 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy
Social acceptance of renewable energy is the attitude of the local population of a given territory to accept the presence, installation or expansion of plants, projects and processes for the production of energy from renewable sources (RES) such as geothermal, sun, wind and biomass. It differs from the generally favorable predisposition of a population towards RES in places far from their homes: indeed, social acceptance of local RES can hinder the development of renewable energy projects, even for a population whose general acceptance of RES is relatively high. 
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Snowmelt Models
The snowmelt model is a hydrological model that simulates the processes of snow accumulation, melt, and confluence. Since the snowmelt process involves the complex energy transfer and water transfer processes between the atmosphere and snow, between different snow layers, and between snow layers and soil, it is more complicated than the formation process of rainfall runoff. If there is a rainfall event on snow, it is very difficult to simulate the runoff generation process due to the mixture of rain and snow. Snowmelt simulation is the basis for the simulation of snowmelt flood formation processes, and it plays a crucial role in accurately modelling snowmelt floods.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Snow-Disaster Risk Zoning and Assessment in Heilongjiang Province
Heilongjiang Province is located in Northeast China and has the highest latitude in China. It has a long and cold winter and a mild monsoon climate. The unique geographical location and climatic conditions make it the second largest stable snow area in China. The winter snowfall period begins in October and ends in April of the next year. Therefore, long-term snow has caused road obstruction and low-temperature freezing damage, which has seriously affected local economic development and personal safety.
  • 368
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Snow Water Equivalent Products
Available snow water equivalent (SWE) products are classified into three main groups, including satellite, reanalysis, and data assimilation datasets.
  • 551
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Snow Line
The climatic snow line is the boundary between a snow-covered and snow-free surface. The actual snow line may adjust seasonally, and be either significantly higher in elevation, or lower. The permanent snow line is the level above which snow will lie all year.
  • 2.0K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Smart Waste Management and Classification Systems
Waste management requires necessary processes and activities to dominate from its inception to demolition. Waste comes in solid, liquid, or gaseous form, and every type of waste demands a different method of classification, disposal, and management. Waste management deals with every waste category, including household, organic, industrial, municipal, biomedical, organic, biological, and radioactive waste. Any unnecessary substance or substance with no use is called “waste”. Waste management involves the collection of the waste and its transport and disposal to appropriate locations. In the European Union (EUROPA), 423 million tons or 56% of domestic waste was recycled in 2016. Reports reflect the need for proper household waste management for the recycling process. Most of the Earth’s population will emigrate from rural to urban areas in the coming years. Therefore, bigger cities will require a highly sustainable infrastructure and smart waste management system to fulfill the fundamental needs of its citizens and provide them with a good service for the future.
  • 2.4K
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Smart Technologies for Sustainable Water Management
As projections highlight that half of the global population will be living in regions facing severe water scarcity by 2050, sustainable water management policies and practices are more imperative than ever. Following the Sustainable Development Goals for equitable water access and prudent use of natural resources, emerging digital technologies may foster efficient monitoring, control, optimization, and forecasting of freshwater consumption and pollution. Indicatively, the use of sensors, Internet of Things, machine learning, and big data analytics has been catalyzing smart water management.
  • 816
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Smart Systems and IoT for Aquaponics Automation
Aquaponics is an innovative, smart, and sustainable agricultural technology that integrates aquaculture (farming of fish) with hydroponics in growing vegetable crops symbiotically. The correct implementation of aquaponics helps in providing healthy organic foods with low consumption of water and chemical fertilizers. Numerous research attempts have been directed toward real implementations of this technology feasibly and reliably at large commercial scales and adopting it as a new precision technology. For better management of such technology, there is an urgent need to use the Internet of things (IoT) and smart sensing systems for monitoring and controlling all operations involved in the aquaponic systems.
  • 3.4K
  • 11 Aug 2022
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