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Topic Review
Engineered Nano-ZnO in the Biological Nitrogen Removal Process
Engineered nano-ZnO is extensively utilized in both production and daily life, leading to its inevitable entry into the wastewater treatment system through various pathways. Nitrogen removal microorganisms in wastewater treatment systems are highly susceptible to environmental impacts. The antibacterial properties of nano-ZnO can impede the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process and adversely affect the nitrogen removal performance. A comprehensive understanding of the inhibitory effect and mechanism of nano-ZnO on the BNR process is crucial in devising appropriate countermeasures to ensure optimal nitrogen removal performance. 
  • 160
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Damaged Sandstone Used in the Cathedral of Huesca
In order to manage problems arising from rainwater/rock interaction in Miocene sandstones (calcareous litharenites) widely used in various monuments of the Ebro Valley (NE of Spain), a survey has been conducted with particular application to the building and architectural decorative materials of the Cathedral of Huesca.
  • 159
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Living on Coast in Harmony with Natural Processes
The coastal zone is a fascinating place that comprises the interface between sea and land. This interface, which is both very dynamic and sensitive, has been affected by strong urban and industrial pressures, and an increase in both traffic and recreational uses, leading to the deterioration of natural habitats and the growing instability of residential areas. Added to this disruption is ongoing climate change, which will lead to rising sea levels and increased wave action. Another problem we are increasingly concerned about is ocean pollution, which has been one of the main causes of threats to deep-water coral reef areas. The main sources of pollution include oil spills and offshore oil drilling. The effects of pollution caused by oil spills can not only seriously affect the global environmental balance of our planet but can also, on a different scale, seriously affect the economy of countries whose main resources depend heavily on the sea. Wave energy has the potential to alleviate the world's dependence on depleting fossil energy resources. With regard to coastal protection, the development of ecological solutions to preserve ecosystems and address coastal processes as an alternative to traditional coastal protection structures (seawalls, groins and breakwaters) is becoming increasingly important. These structures, generally referred to as passive measures, are usually built to alter the effects of sea waves, currents and the movement of sand along the coastline, with the aim of protecting beaches, ports and harbors. 
  • 158
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Flood Segmentation in Post-Disaster High Resolution Aerial Images
Floods are the most frequent natural disasters, occurring almost every year around the globe. To mitigate the damage caused by a flood, it is important to timely assess the magnitude of the damage and efficiently conduct rescue operations, deploy security personnel and allocate resources to the affected areas. To efficiently respond to the natural disaster, it is very crucial to swiftly obtain accurate information, which is hard to obtain during a post-flood crisis. Generally, high resolution satellite images are predominantly used to obtain post-disaster information. Deep learning models have achieved superior performance in extracting high-level semantic information from satellite images. 
  • 156
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulation Response to Plant Stress
Plant stress is a significant challenge that affects the development, growth, and productivity of plants and causes an adverse environmental condition that disrupts normal physiological processes and hampers plant survival. Epigenetic regulation is a crucial mechanism for plants to respond and adapt to stress.
  • 154
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Characteristic Features of Skouries and Other Porphyry-Cu-Au+Pd±Pt Deposits
Many giant porphyry Cu-Au, Cu-Mo, and Mo-W deposits extend from the Pacific Rim to the Mediterranean and Carpathian system in Europe, the Himalayas, China, and Malaysia. However, only certain porphyry Cu-Au deposits, associated mostly with alkaline-type intrusions, are characterized by significant Pd and Pt contents, particularly in high-grade bornite–chalcopyrite and/or flotation concentrates. Such porphyry deposits include those in British Columbia, Colorado, in the Santo Tomas II deposit, the Philippines, the Skouries porphyry deposit, Greece, Elatsite, Bulgaria, the Kalmakyr deposit, Uzbekistan, the Grasberg deposit, Indonesia, Ok Tedi, Papua New Guinea, the Mamut deposit, Malaysia, and the Bajo de la Alumbrera, Argentina.
  • 153
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Halophytes/Saline Water/Deserts/Wastelands Nexus
Climate change is rapidly exacerbating and adding to major-to-existential issues associated with freshwater availability and utilization. The massive, thus far untapped saline/salt water/ocean—wastelands/deserts—Halophytes resources nexus can, at scale and profitably, provide major climate change mitigation and greatly alleviate most extant freshwater issues. Approaches include ocean fertilization and saline/seawater agriculture on deserts and wastelands to sequester massive amounts of CO2 and methane and for food, freeing up some 70% of the freshwater now utilized by current agriculture for direct human use. This also enables the production of huge amounts of biofuels and biomass-based chemical feedstock employing the massive capacity of cheap saline/seawater and cheap deserts and wastelands.
  • 153
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Green Strategy for Retired Electric Vehicle Battery Recycling
As the global new energy vehicle (NEV) industry rapidly expands, the disposal and recycling of end-of-life (EOL) power batteries have become imperative. Efficient closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) management, supported by well-designed regulations and strategic investments, plays a crucial role in sustainable waste power battery recycling.
  • 152
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Ship Automatic Identification System
The extraction of ship behavior patterns from Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and the subsequent prediction of travel routes play crucial roles in mitigating the risk of ship accidents. This study focuses on the Wuhan section of the dendritic river system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the partial reticulated river system in the northern part of the Zhejiang Province as its primary investigation areas. Considering the structure and attributes of AIS data, a novel algorithm known as the Combination of DBSCAN and DTW (CDDTW) is introduced to identify regional navigation characteristics of ships. Subsequently, a real-time ship trajectory prediction model (RSTPM) is developed to facilitate real-time ship trajectory predictions. Experimental tests on two distinct types of river sections are conducted to assess the model’s reliability. The results indicate that the RSTPM exhibits superior prediction accuracy when compared to conventional trajectory prediction models, achieving an approximate 20 m prediction accuracy for ship trajectories on inland waterways. This showcases the advancements made by this model.
  • 150
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Early Crop Mapping Using Dynamic Ecoregion Clustering
Mapping target crops earlier than the harvest period is an essential task for improving agricultural productivity and decision-making. Early crop mapping provides valuable information for crop management, such as predicting yield, monitoring crop growth, and identifying areas with high production potential.
  • 149
  • 10 Nov 2023
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