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Topic Review
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES)
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) are a highly non-ideal mixture of two biodegradable components (HBA and HBD) associated with strong hydrogen bonding interactions. 
  • 4.5K
  • 08 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Light Wavelength Conversion Materials in Agriculture
As new fluorescent materials, light wavelength conversion materials (light conversion agents) have attracted increasing attention from scientific researchers and agricultural materials companies due to their potential advantages in efficiently utilizing solar energy and increasing crop yield. According to the material properties, the light conversion agents can be divided into fluorescent dyes, organic rare-earth complexes, and inorganic rare-earth complexes. The current researches indicates that the fluorescent dyes have relatively high production costs, poor light stability, difficult degradation processes, and easily cause pollution to the ecological environment. The organic rare-earth complexes have short luminescence times, high production costs, and suffer from rapid decreases in luminescence intensity. Compared with fluorescent dyes and organic rare-earth complexes, although rare-earth inorganic complexes have high luminous efficiency, stable chemical properties, and better spectral matching performance, the existing inorganic light conversion agents have relatively poor dispersibility in agricultural films. 
  • 600
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Long-Term Fertilization in the Crop Rhizosphere
Fungi represent a highly diverse group of organisms that play an essential role in maintaining soil health and ecosystem functioning. Fungi interact with plants at various niches, including the rhizosphere—a narrow zone of soil adjacent to the roots of living plants that is directly influenced by root exudates.
  • 549
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Heat Stress Affect Wheat
Heat stress (HS) is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the production and quality of wheat. Rising temperatures are particularly threatening to wheat production.
  • 671
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Conventional Event Tree Analysis on Liquefied Natural Gas
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is stored in facilities located in urban areas and transported over public roads. A shift towards the broader use of LNG is economically and environmentally justified. Conventional event trees for LNG emergency release in three different units is a concept that is based on the physical and chemical properties of LNG. It has been designed with deep consideration and analysis of past experiences and real cases of LNG incidents. The idea of having training checkpoints, such as ‘decision points’ and ‘learning curve points’ in the continuum of a training or exercise enable the achievement of optimal learning objectives in a flexible way which take into account the trainee individual mental and physical disposition on a day, scalability of difficulty level as well as realistic scenario paths determined by the performance of the trainees facing concrete operational problems.
  • 814
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Geology and Geomorphology of Mare Fecunditatis
Mare Fecunditatis is a ~310,000 km2 flat basalt plain located in the low-latitude area of the Moon. Mare Fecunditatis basin was formed in the pre-Nectarian period, followed by the mare basalts eruption in the Imbrian period, and the volcanic activity continued until the early Eratosthenian period. There is no mass concentration in the center of Mare Fecunditatis, while there are positive Bouguer anomalies on the east and west sides of the basin. A diversity of geological features is found in Mare Fecunditatis.
  • 655
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Antiviral and Antimicrobial Peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a ubiquitous class of secretable molecules involved in innate immunity via direct interaction with pathogens. AMP research has sought to describe the highly conserved cysteine rich C-domains of peptides, which determine molecular function; however, investigations into such molecular functions have generally been limited to antibacterial and antifungal defence in both vertebrates and invertebrates, with little research focusing on mollusc antiviral AMPs. Mollusc AMPs can be broadly divided into the following five groups: defensins, big defensins, mytilins, myticins, mytimacins, and mytimycins. All groups possess antibacterial activity, though few have been tested for antiviral activity, and thus the mollusc antiviral AMP mode of action is poorly understood. However, proposed modes of action of antiviral AMPs include targeting viral entry, viral uncoating, and inhibition of viral replication and endosomal escape.
  • 410
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sunscreen-Derived Inorganic Ultraviolet Filters in Aquatic Environments
The active ultraviolet filters (UVFs) in sunscreens can be organic or inorganic and can reflect and scatter UVR, which protects human skin from direct sunlight radiation. However, sunscreen-derived inorganic UVFs are considered to be emerging contaminants; in particular, nZnO and nTiO2 UVFs have been shown to undergo absorption and bioaccumulation, release metal ions, and generate reactive oxygen species, which cause negative effects on aquatic organisms.
  • 660
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Eggshells as Natural Heterogeneous Catalysts
CaO is a key component of eggshells. Biodiesel is usually produced in a homogeneous manner using chemical catalysts.
  • 297
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review Video
Plastic Waste Governance in Bangladesh
Plastic, an offer of modernity, is presenting a massive threat in altered forms, to our health and environment. Plastic does not only pollute the surface environment, fresh water, and marine ecosystems, but toxic elements released from plastics also percolate down the surface and contaminate groundwater, which we often use as ‘safe’ drinking water. This probable future risk is deeply rooted in the entire governance infrastructure of plastic waste which could potentially lead to contamination of groundwater. A recent study finds 81% of tap water samples collected worldwide contained plastic pollutants, which means that annually we may be ingesting between 3000 and 4000 microparticles of plastic from tap water.
  • 3.1K
  • 04 Mar 2022
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