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Topic Review
Application of MCDA to Rural Spatial Sustainability Evaluation
The rational allocation of spatial resources is an important factor to ensure the sustainable development of rural areas, and effective pre-emptive spatial evaluation is the prerequisite for identifying the predicament of rural resource allocation. Multi-criteria decision-making analysis has advantages in solving multi-attribute and multi-objective decision-making problems, and has been used in sustainability evaluation research in various disciplines in recent years. 
  • 567
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
High-Energy Methods for Pretreatment of Mineral Complexes
Pulsed power technologies have been proposed based on the conversion of energy into a short-pulsed form and exposing geomaterials (minerals, rocks, and ores) to strictly dosed high-power pulsed electric and magnetic fields, beams of charged particles, microwave radiation, neutrons and X-ray quanta, and low-temperature plasma flows. Such pulsed energy impacts are promising methods for the pretreatment of refractory mineral feeds (refractory ores and concentration products) to increase the disintegration, softening, and liberation performance of finely disseminated mineral complexes, as well as the contrast between the physicochemical and process properties of mineral components. The most important research and practical developments in the application of high-energy effects in the beneficiation and deep processing of complex ores are described. Examples are given of the implementation of various methods for processing minerals, ores, and concentrates, including accelerated electron flow, microwave (UHF) and laser treatment, high-intensity magnetic and electric (HVP) fields, high-power nanosecond electromagnetic pulses, and low-temperature plasma of dielectric barrier discharge, enabling a higher performance of the concentration processes for refractory mineral feeds.
  • 567
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Epigenetic Regulation in Chromium-Induced Carcinogenesis
Chromium (Cr)is a naturally occurring heavy metal widely distributed in soil, rocks, and living organisms. Cr primarily exists in two stable valence states: trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] or Cr(VI). Cr(VI) exposure can cause a series of adverse effects on the respiratory system (including asthma, bronchitis, and respiratory tract irritation), skin (including contact dermatitis, skin burns, blisters, and skin ulcers), gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including gastric ulcers and gastritis), and kidneys (acute tubular necrosis and renal failure).
  • 567
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Innovative Resource Recovery from Industrial Sites
Global net-zero pledges are instigating a societal shift from a fossil-fuel-based economy to renewables. This change facilitates the use of batteries, solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines, etc., all of which are underpinned by critical metals. Raw metal extraction is not renewable and environmental pledges made by the government will not be met if this continues. Historic industrial sites contain vast waste stocks. These sites already have an established infrastructure for resource extraction. Applying green solvents and deep eutectic solvents (DES) to such sites for resource recovery alleviates pressure on existing raw extraction processes whilst generating more immediate stores of critical metal along with relatively insignificant environmental impacts.
  • 567
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Energy Emissions Reduction in South African National Parks
South African National Parks (SANParks) aimed to contribute to national targets by reducing their fossil-fuel-generated energy consumption by 2% per year until achieving carbon neutrality. SANParks achieved 1% year-on-year energy emissions reduction through its renewable base; however, an ambitious target of 8% would be appropriate for a 1.5 °C future based on the energy scenario planning.
  • 566
  • 14 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Plastic Bag Restricting Law
With the severe plastic pollution issue worldwide, restrictions or bans on plastic bags have become the most popular policy intervention. As essential participants in reducing plastic consumption, residents and enterprises are vital in implementing the plastic bag restriction law (PBRL). 
  • 566
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Mitigation of Global Warming in Australia
Mitigation of global warming involves taking actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to enhance sinks aimed at reducing the extent of global warming. This is in distinction to adaptation to global warming, which involves taking action to minimize the effects of global warming. Scientific consensus on global warming, together with the precautionary principle and the fear of non-linear climate transitions, is leading to increased effort to develop new technologies and sciences and carefully manage others in an attempt to mitigate global warming. In order to make a significant change, coal from Australia needs to be replaced with alternatives. Carbon capture and storage in Australia has been put forward as a solution for production of clean hydrogen from natural gas. Following the introduction of government mandatory renewable energy targets, more opportunities have opened up for renewable energy technologies such as wind power, photovoltaics, and solar thermal technologies. The deployment of these technologies provides opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gases. A carbon price was introduced on 1 July 2012 by the government of Julia Gillard with the purpose of reducing Australia 's carbon emissions. It requires large businesses (defined as those with annual carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over 25,000 tonnes annually) to pay a price for emissions permits. The tax was scrapped by the Abbott government in July 2014 in what was a widely criticized and highly publicized move.
  • 566
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Metal(loid) Bioremediation by Microbial Polymers
Environmental pollution arising from metal(loid)s is a result of industrialization, and has led to serious health issues. Conventional methods of metal(loid) removal often result in generation of secondary waste which is toxic to the environment. Bioremediation in combination with physicochemical techniques offer an excellent and effective means of removal. The use of secondary metabolites and extracellular polymers produced by microorganisms is an effective procedure employed in metal(loid) sequestration and reduction in toxicity of contaminated environments. These biopolymers have different chemical structures and have shown varied selectivity to different metal(loid)s. 
  • 566
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Key Technologies of Smart Energy System
The Energy Internet is the representative achievement and product of the smart energy system. It is the product of the deep integration of energy and the Internet. It is a new energy system with the characteristics of open interconnection of multi-energy, free energy transmission, open peer-to-peer access and so on, based on electrical engineering technology represented by power electronics technology and combined with relatively mature information technology and intelligent management technology at the present stage. Therefore, the Energy Internet is another important topic after smart grids in the field of energy.
  • 566
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) Inhibitors as Emergent Environmental Contaminants
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an increasing disorder [16], affects 25 to 35 million men over 18 years in Europe. Pharmaceuticals used to reduce this disorder act as phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, a family of enzymes typically active in cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) degradation. The inhibition of PDE-5 results in the intracellular accumulation of cGMP, which plays a central role in signal transduction and regulates several physiological responses.
  • 565
  • 26 Oct 2021
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